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Shoulder balance in Lenke type 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: the role of upper instrumented vertebrae selection and risk factor analysis
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Shoulder balance in Lenke type 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: the role of upper instrumented vertebrae selection and risk factor analysis
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Journal Article
Shoulder balance in Lenke type 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: the role of upper instrumented vertebrae selection and risk factor analysis
2025
Overview
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of postoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI), evaluate the role of upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) selection on postoperative shoulder balance and identify the risk factors for PSI in Lenke type 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
Methods
A retrospective case-matched analysis of 70 patients with Lenke type 2 AIS was performed. Patients were matched at a 1:1 ratio (35 T2 and 35 T3/4). Radiological and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic analysis were used to further identify the risk factors for PSI.
Results
In Lenke type 2 AIS patients, the overall incidence of PSI was 32.9%. Compared with the T3/4 group, the T2 group achieved significantly better proximal thoracic curve (PTC) correction (0.63 ± 0.23 vs. 0.53 ± 0.16,
P
= 0.041). At the last follow-up, the T2 group had a significantly lower clavicle-rib cage intersection (CRCI) (0.84 ± 1.85 mm) and T1 tilt (4.40 ± 3.08°) than the T3/4 group (CRCI: 3.61 ± 3.76 mm,
P
< 0.001; T1 tilt: 6.07 ± 3.39°,
P
< 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the ratio of the PTC correction rate to the main thoracic curve (MTC) correction rate (PTC/MTC) was an independent risk factor for the PSI (OR = 0.015,
P
= 0.025).
Conclusion
In Lenke type 2 AIS patients, the overall incidence of PSI was 32.9%. Compared with fusion to T3/4, fusion to T2 provided superior PTC correction and medial shoulder balance. The coordination between the PTC and MTC correction played a significant role in the maintenance of lateral shoulder balance.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
/ Child
/ Clavicle
/ Female
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Medicine
/ Postoperative Complications - epidemiology
/ Postoperative Complications - etiology
/ Postoperative shoulder imbalance
/ Scoliosis - diagnostic imaging
/ Shoulder
/ Spinal Fusion - instrumentation
/ Surgery
/ Thoracic Vertebrae - surgery
/ Thorax
