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Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed
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Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed
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Journal Article
Expression analyses in Ginkgo biloba provide new insights into the evolution and development of the seed
2021
Overview
Although the seed is a key morphological innovation, its origin remains unknown and molecular data outside angiosperms is still limited.
Ginkgo biloba,
with a unique place in plant evolution, being one of the first extant gymnosperms where seeds evolved, can testify to the evolution and development of the seed. Initially, to better understand the development of the ovules in
Ginkgo biloba
ovules, we performed spatio-temporal expression analyses in seeds at early developing stages, of six candidate gene homologues known in angiosperms:
WUSCHEL, AINTEGUMENTA, BELL1, KANADI, UNICORN,
and
C3HDZip
. Surprisingly, the expression patterns of most these ovule homologues indicate that they are not wholly conserved between angiosperms and
Ginkgo biloba
. Consistent with previous studies on early diverging seedless plant lineages, ferns, lycophytes, and bryophytes, many of these candidate genes are mainly expressed in mega- and micro-sporangia. Through in-depth comparative transcriptome analyses of
Ginkgo biloba
developing ovules, pollen cones, and megagametophytes we have been able to identify novel genes, likely involved in ovule development. Finally, our expression analyses support the synangial or neo-synangial hypotheses for the origin of the seed, where the sporangium developmental network was likely co-opted and restricted during integument evolution.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
