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NKG2A is a NK cell exhaustion checkpoint for HCV persistence
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Journal Article
NKG2A is a NK cell exhaustion checkpoint for HCV persistence
2019
Overview
Exhaustion of cytotoxic effector natural killer (NK) and CD8
+
T cells have important functions in the establishment of persistent viral infections, but how exhaustion is induced during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains poorly defined. Here we show, using the humanized C/O
Tg
mice permissive for persistent HCV infection, that NK and CD8
+
T cells become sequentially exhausted shortly after their transient hepatic infiltration and activation in acute HCV infection. HCV infection upregulates Qa-1 expression in hepatocytes, which ligates NKG2A to induce NK cell exhaustion. Antibodies targeting NKG2A or Qa-1 prevents NK exhaustion and promotes NK-dependent HCV clearance. Moreover, reactivated NK cells provide sufficient IFN-γ that helps rejuvenate polyclonal HCV CD8
+
T cell response and clearance of HCV. Our data thus show that NKG2A serves as a critical checkpoint for HCV-induced NK exhaustion, and that NKG2A blockade sequentially boosts interdependent NK and CD8
+
T cell functions to prevent persistent HCV infection.
Immune cells may become less responsive, or ‘exhausted’, upon chronic viral infection, but the underlying mechanism and crosstalk are still unclear. Here the authors show that, upon chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, natural killer cell exhaustion is induced by NKG2A signalling to instruct downstream exhaustion of CD8
+
T cells and HCV persistence.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 13/31
/ 64/60
/ Animals
/ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
/ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism
/ Hepatitis C, Chronic - immunology
/ Hepatitis C, Chronic - virology
/ Histocompatibility Antigens Class I - immunology
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Interferon-gamma - immunology
/ Killer Cells, Natural - immunology
/ Lymphocyte Activation - physiology
/ Membrane Proteins - immunology
/ Mice
/ NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C - immunology
/ Science
/ Viruses
