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Vegfa promoter gene hypermethylation at HIF1α binding site is an early contributor to CKD progression after renal ischemia
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Vegfa promoter gene hypermethylation at HIF1α binding site is an early contributor to CKD progression after renal ischemia
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Journal Article
Vegfa promoter gene hypermethylation at HIF1α binding site is an early contributor to CKD progression after renal ischemia
2021
Overview
Chronic hypoxia is a major contributor to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) after Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). However, the temporal relation between the acute insult and maladaptive renal response to hypoxia remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the time-course of renal hemodynamics, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as epigenetic modifications, with focus on HIF1α/VEGF signaling, in the AKI to CKD transition. Sham-operated, right nephrectomy (UNx), and UNx plus renal ischemia (IR + UNx) groups of rats were included and studied at 1, 2, 3, or 4 months. The IR + UNx group developed CKD characterized by progressive proteinuria, renal dysfunction, tubular proliferation, and fibrosis. At first month post-ischemia, there was a twofold significant increase in oxidative stress and reduction in global DNA methylation that was maintained throughout the study.
Hif1α
and
Vegfa
expression were depressed in the first and second-months post-ischemia, and then
Hif1α
but not
Vegfa
expression was recovered. Interestingly, hypermethylation of the
Vegfa
promoter gene at the HIF1α binding site was found, since early stages of the CKD progression. Our findings suggest that renal hypoperfusion, inefficient hypoxic response, increased oxidative stress, DNA hypomethylation, and,
Vegfa
promoter gene hypermethylation at HIF1α binding site, are early determinants of AKI-to-CKD transition.
