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Determining whether a phosphatic concretion containing a Cretaceous juvenile crocodylian is a coprolite or a non-fecal concretion
Determining whether a phosphatic concretion containing a Cretaceous juvenile crocodylian is a coprolite or a non-fecal concretion
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Determining whether a phosphatic concretion containing a Cretaceous juvenile crocodylian is a coprolite or a non-fecal concretion
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Determining whether a phosphatic concretion containing a Cretaceous juvenile crocodylian is a coprolite or a non-fecal concretion
Determining whether a phosphatic concretion containing a Cretaceous juvenile crocodylian is a coprolite or a non-fecal concretion

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Determining whether a phosphatic concretion containing a Cretaceous juvenile crocodylian is a coprolite or a non-fecal concretion
Determining whether a phosphatic concretion containing a Cretaceous juvenile crocodylian is a coprolite or a non-fecal concretion
Journal Article

Determining whether a phosphatic concretion containing a Cretaceous juvenile crocodylian is a coprolite or a non-fecal concretion

2025
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Overview
Phosphatic concretions in terrestrial settings are often identified as coprolites based upon their biotic contents and high phosphorus levels. However, recent discoveries have shown that non-fecal origins of fossiliferous phosphatic concretions are more common than originally recognized. Confusion about the taphonomic origin of phosphatic concretions can lead to erroneous paleobiological and paleoenvironmental interpretations, so a set of criteria would be useful to evaluate whether a phosphatic concretion is a coprolite. Here we describe a phosphatic concretion containing a small crocodylian from the Upper Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation and assess its origin, formation, and paleobiological implications. We conducted neutron computed tomography (CT) on the skull-bearing portion of the concretion, and analyzed the geochemical composition of the concretion with electron microprobe, µ-XRF, and fusion ICP-OES. In this study, the completeness and distribution of the skeletal elements present a stronger case for a non-fecal origin. This scenario suggests minimal transport after death and deposition. Neutron CT analysis of the crocodylian skull supports its referral to Brachychampsa montana , and allows inferences regarding body length, age, and dietary habits. Although coprolites and non-fecal concretions can be difficult to differentiate, unique features can reflect differences in origin that offer different types of taphonomic and paleobiological information.