Journal Article

Role of Nanomaterials in the Fabrication of bioNEMS/MEMS for Biomedical Applications and towards Pioneering Food Waste Utilisation

Dahlan, Nuraina Anisa, Jamaluddin, Nurul Fauzani, Petrović, Bojan, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Stojanović, Goran M., Milić, Lazar, Muniandy, Shalini, Kojić, Sanja, Thiha, Aung

2022

Overview

bioNEMS/MEMS has emerged as an innovative technology for the miniaturisation of biomedical devices with high precision and rapid processing since its first R&D breakthrough in the 1980s. To date, several organic including food waste derived nanomaterials and inorganic nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, silica, gold, and magnetic nanoparticles) have steered the development of high-throughput and sensitive bioNEMS/MEMS-based biosensors, actuator systems, drug delivery systems and implantable/wearable sensors with desirable biomedical properties. Turning food waste into valuable nanomaterials is potential groundbreaking research in this growing field of bioMEMS/NEMS. This review aspires to communicate recent progress in organic and inorganic nanomaterials based bioNEMS/MEMS for biomedical applications, comprehensively discussing nanomaterials criteria and their prospects as ideal tools for biomedical devices. We discuss clinical applications for diagnostic, monitoring, and therapeutic applications as well as the technological potential for cell manipulation (i.e., sorting, separation, and patterning technology). In addition, current in vitro and in vivo assessments of promising nanomaterials-based biomedical devices will be discussed in this review. Finally, this review also looked at the most recent state-of-the-art knowledge on Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as nanosensors, nanoantennas, nanoprocessors, and nanobattery.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,MDPI
• Subject: Actuators / Agricultural production / Biomedical engineering / Biomedical materials / biomedical microelectromechanical systems (bioMEMS) / biomedical nanoelectromechanical systems (bioNEMS) / Biosensors / Carbon / Carbon nanotubes / Cholesterol / Detectors / Drug delivery / drug delivery system / Drug delivery systems / Drugs / Electric fields / Fabrication / Food / Food waste / Graphene / Integrated circuit fabrication / Internet of Things / Materials science / Microelectromechanical systems / Miniaturization / Nanocomposites / Nanoelectromechanical systems / Nanomaterials / Nanoparticles / Nanosensors / Nanotechnology / Nanotubes / Optical properties / Pattern formation / point-of-care / Polymers / Review / Reviews / Sensors / Silica / Technology application / Therapeutic applications / Toxicity / Vehicles / Waste utilization