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From bedside to bench: New insights in epilepsy‐associated tumors based on recent classification updates and animal models on brain tumor networks
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From bedside to bench: New insights in epilepsy‐associated tumors based on recent classification updates and animal models on brain tumor networks
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Journal Article
From bedside to bench: New insights in epilepsy‐associated tumors based on recent classification updates and animal models on brain tumor networks
2024
Overview
Low‐grade neuroepithelial tumors (LGNTs), particularly those with glioneuronal histology, are highly associated with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Increasing research focused on these neoplastic lesions did not translate into drug discovery; and anticonvulsant or antitumor therapies are not available yet. During the last years, animal modeling has improved, thereby leading to the possibility of generating brain tumors in mice mimicking crucial genetic, molecular and immunohistological features. Among them, intraventricular in utero electroporation (IUE) has been proven to be a valuable tool for the generation of animal models for LGNTs allowing endogenous tumor growth within the mouse brain parenchyma. Epileptogenicity is mostly determined by the slow‐growing patterns of these tumors, thus mirroring intrinsic interactions between tumor cells and surrounding neurons is crucial to investigate the mechanisms underlying convulsive activity. In this review, we provide an updated classification of the human LGNT and summarize the most recent data from human and animal models, with a focus on the crosstalk between brain tumors and neuronal function. Animal modeling based on data from studies on humans aims to recapitulate primary developmental brain tumor features and serve as a tool to study the pathogenesis of epilepsy‐associated tumor processes, particularly tumor progression and neuronal hyperexcitability. Thus, understanding the interaction between brain tumor cells and neurons is critical to infer the mechanisms involved in tumor progression and neuronal hyperexcitability.
