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Comparison of three rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis in Ghana
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Comparison of three rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis in Ghana
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Journal Article
Comparison of three rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis in Ghana
2024
Overview
Background
Accurate diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial in combating malaria.
Methods
A total of 449 samples were screened for
Plasmodium falciparum
infection by expert microscopy, qPCR, and three RDTs, namely Rapigen Biocredit Malaria Ag Pf (detecting HRP2 and pLDH on separate bands), Abbott NxTek Eliminate Malaria Ag Pf (detecting HRP2), and SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf (detecting HRP2).
hrp2
/
3
deletion typing was done by digital PCR.
Results
45.7% (205/449) individuals tested positive by qPCR for
P. falciparum
with a mean parasite density of 12.5 parasites/μL. Using qPCR as reference, the sensitivity of microscopy was 28.3% (58/205), the Biocredit RDT was 52.2% (107/205), the NxTek RDT was 49.3% (101/205), and the Bioline RDT was 39.5% (81/205). When only samples with densities > 20 parasites/μL were included (n = 89), sensitivity of 62.9% (56/89) by microscopy, 88.8% (79/89) by Biocredit, 88.8% (79/89) by NxTek, and 78.7% (70/89) by Bioline were obtained. All three RDTs demonstrated specificities > 95%. The limits of detection (95% probability that a sample tested positive) was 4393 parasites/μL (microscopy), 56 parasites/μL (Biocredit, considering either HRP2 or pLDH), 84 parasites/μL (NxTek), and 331 parasites/μL (Bioline). None of the three qPCR-confirmed
P. falciparum
positive samples, identified solely through the pLDH target, or eight samples negative for all RDTs but qPCR-positive at densities > 20 parasites/µL carried
hrp2
/
3
deletions.
Conclusion
The Biocredit and NxTek RDTs demonstrated comparable diagnostic efficacies. All three RDTs performed better than microscopy.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,BMC
Subject
/ Adult
/ Aged
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Child
/ Control
/ Diagnostic Tests, Routine - methods
/ Female
/ Ghana
/ HRP2
/ Humans
/ Identification and classification
/ Infant
/ Malaria
/ Malaria, Falciparum - diagnosis
/ Malaria, Falciparum - parasitology
/ Male
/ Plasmodium falciparum - genetics
/ Plasmodium falciparum - isolation & purification
/ PLDH
/ Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods
/ Testing
