Journal Article

Validity and reliability study of the dental students of attitudes towards online learning scale

Kaşali̇, Kamber, Özkal Emi̇noğlu, Didem, Demi̇rer Üstündağ, Şifa

2025

Overview

Background The shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for reliable tools to evaluate students’ attitudes. This study aimed to adapt the “Medical School Students’ Attitudes Towards Online Learning Scale” for dental students and assess its validity and reliability. Methods A cross-sectional study with 181 dental students was conducted. Data were analyzed for mean, standard deviation, count, and percentage. Validity analyses included the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and Bartlett’s Sphericity test for factor analysis suitability. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) assessed construct validity. Reliability was evaluated through Cronbach’s Alpha, item-total correlations, and split-half reliability. Model fit indices (χ²/df, RMSEA, CFI, TLI, SRMR) were used to ensure acceptable goodness-of-fit values. Analyses were conducted using SPSS 20.0 and JAMOVI 2.5.3, with p  < 0.05. Results The first-order CFA model aligned with the original structure (χ²/df = 2.336, RMSEA = 0.080, SRMR = 0.069, CFI = 0.893). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.938 for the entire scale and ranged from 0.876 to 0.930 for subdimensions. Item reliability analyses showed alpha values from 0.933 to 0.939, while split-half reliability coefficients ranged from 0.865 to 0.930. Hotelling’s T² test revealed significant differences in item means ( p  < 0.001). Conclusions The adapted scale exhibited strong psychometric properties, making it a reliable tool for assessing dental students’ attitudes towards online learning.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Adaptation / Adult / Attitude of Health Personnel / Attitude scale / Attitudes / Blended Learning / College Faculty / Confidentiality / Consent / Content Validity / Course Content / COVID-19 / COVID-19 - epidemiology / Cross-Sectional Studies / Data collection / Dental education / Dental Evaluation / Dental Schools / Dental students / Dentistry / Distance Education / Distance learning / Education / Education, Dental - methods / Education, Distance / Educational surveys / Electronic Learning / English / Ethics / Evaluation / Factor Analysis, Statistical / Female / Graduate Students / Humans / Influence of Technology / Internship Programs / Job Skills / Learning Processes / Likert Scales / Male / Management / Medical Education / Medical students / Meetings / Online education / Online instruction / Online learning / Pandemics / Psychometrics / Quantitative psychology / Questionnaires / Reproducibility of Results / SARS-CoV-2 / Science Curriculum / Students, Dental - psychology / Surveys / Surveys and Questionnaires - standards / Teaching methods / Theory of Medicine/Bioethics / Undergraduate Students / Validity / Validity and reliability / Young Adult