Journal Article

Role of tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and therapeutic strategy

Shao, Xueting, Wang, Frederick X. C., Yao, Hangping, Zhu, Miaojin, Mu, Jianjian, Wang, Qingjing, Zhang, Yuxuan, Chen, Keda, Li, Jiaxuan

2023

Overview

Cancer is now considered a tumor microenvironment (TME) disease, although it was originally thought to be a cell and gene expression disorder. Over the past 20 years, significant advances have been made in understanding the complexity of the TME and its impact on responses to various anticancer therapies, including immunotherapies. Cancer immunotherapy can recognize and kill cancer cells by regulating the body's immune system. It has achieved good therapeutic effects in various solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Recently, blocking of programmed death‐1 (PD‐1), programmed death‐1 ligand‐1 (PD‐L1), and programmed death Ligand‐2 (PD‐L2), the construction of antigen chimeric T cells (CAR‐T) and tumor vaccines have become popular immunotherapies Tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis are closely related to TME. Therefore, we review the characteristics of various cells and molecules in the TME, the interaction between PD‐1 and TME, and promising cancer immunotherapy therapeutics. In the past decades, the treatment methods for tumors have been changing rapidly. Traditional treatment methods, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens, have gradually revealed their shortcomings. As scientists continue to study the tumor microenvironment, new cellular properties, and immune checkpoints regarding TME are being discovered, and immunotherapy based on monoclonal antibodies, engineered cells, tumor vaccines, and other technologies have shown good therapeutic effects and lower risks. This review presents the latest research about TME and the latest progress in immunotherapy.

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Angiogenesis / Apoptosis / Biosynthesis / Breast cancer / Cancer / Cancer immunotherapy / cancer progression / Cancer therapies / Cancer vaccines / Cells / Chemotherapy / Cytotoxicity / Death / Drug resistance / Extracellular matrix / Gene expression / Glucose / Homeostasis / Hypoxia / Immune system / Immunotherapy / Kinases / Lymphocytes / Lymphocytes T / Malignancy / Medical prognosis / Medical research / Metabolism / Metabolites / Metastases / Metastasis / MicroRNAs / Nanoparticles / PD-1 protein / PD-L1 protein / PD‐1 / PD‐L1 / Radiation therapy / Review / REVIEWS / Solid tumors / Tumor microenvironment / Tumorigenesis / Tumors