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Strain-level variation among vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners as identified by comparative metagenomics
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Strain-level variation among vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners as identified by comparative metagenomics
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Journal Article
Strain-level variation among vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners as identified by comparative metagenomics
2025
Overview
The vaginal microbiome, a relatively simple, low diversity ecosystem crucial for female health, is often dominated by
Lactobacillus
spp. Detailed strain-level data, facilitated by shotgun sequencing, can provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms of colonization and host-microbe interactions. We analysed 354 vaginal metagenomes from pregnant women in Ireland to investigate metagenomic community state types and strain-level variation, focusing on cell surface interfaces. Our analysis revealed multiple subspecies, with
Lactobacillus crispatus
and
Lactobacillus iners
being the most dominant. We found genes, including putative mucin-binding genes, distinct to
L. crispatus
subspecies. Using 337 metagenome-assembled genomes, we observed a higher number of strain-specific genes in
L. crispatus
related to cell wall biogenesis, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, many under positive selection. A cell surface glycan gene cluster was predominantly found in
L. crispatus
but absent in
L. iners
and
Gardnerella vaginalis
. These findings highlight strain-specific factors associated with colonisation and host-microbe interactions.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Bacteria
/ Biofilms
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Female
/ Genes
/ Genomes
/ Genomics
/ Humans
/ Ireland
/ Lactobacillus - classification
/ Lactobacillus - isolation & purification
/ Lactobacillus crispatus - classification
/ Lactobacillus crispatus - genetics
/ Lactobacillus crispatus - isolation & purification
/ Microbial Genetics and Genomics
/ Taxonomy
/ Vagina
