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COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis
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COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis
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COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis
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Journal Article
COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis
2021
Overview
BACKGROUND: Till now, no meta-analysis is available to address the clinical profile, risk factors, different interventions, and outcomes among COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (C-ROCM) cases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight literature databases were screened using appropriate keywords from November 1, 2019, to June 30, 2021. The objectives were to analyze the clinical and microbiological profile, risk factor/comorbidity, intervention, and outcome. \"R-metafor package\" was used for analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 23 studies were included. The mean age of presentation of C-ROCM was 54.6 years. The most common presentation was ptosis (72.7%), lid edema (60.6%), proptosis (60.6%), ophthalmoplegia (57.3%), loss of vision (53.7%), facial edema (34.7%), and nasal-blockage (11.8%). Evidence of intracranial spread was seen in 42.8% of cases. Rhizopus was the most common fungus (57.1%) isolated in fungal culture. Among C-ROCM patients, diabetes was the commonest comorbid condition, and the use of corticosteroids related to COVID-19 treatment was the most common risk factor (85.75%). Compared to controlled diabetics, C-ROCM was significantly higher among uncontrolled diabetics (odds ratio [OR] 0.15, 95% confidence interval [C.I.] 0.041-0.544, P = 0.0010). However, no significant association was seen between C-ROCM and COVID-19 severity (OR 0.930, 95% C.I. 0.212-4.087, P = 0.923). For treatment, amphotericin-B was the most common antifungal drug used which was followed by surgical options. However, mortality was high (prevalence 0.344, 95% C.I. 0.205-0.403) despite treatment.
CONCLUSION: Although local rhino-orbito symptoms were the first to appear, rapid intracranial extension was seen in a significant number of C-ROCM cases. Uncontrolled diabetes and excessive use of corticosteroid were the most common risk factors present among the C-ROCM cases. High index clinical suspicion is imperative (specifically among COVID-19 patients with diabetes), and routine screening may be helpful.
Publisher
Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd,Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd,Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd,Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
Subject
Amphotericin B - therapeutic use
/ Analysis
/ Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use
/ Brain Diseases - complications
/ Brain Diseases - drug therapy
/ Control
/ COVID-19
/ Diabetes
/ Edema
/ Humans
/ India
/ Methods
/ Mucormycosis - complications
/ Nose Diseases - complications
/ Nose Diseases - drug therapy
/ Orbital Diseases - complications
/ Orbital Diseases - drug therapy
