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Lived experiences of older adults and caregivers on social networks, social support from Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu: a qualitative study using the Convoy Model of Social Relations
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Lived experiences of older adults and caregivers on social networks, social support from Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu: a qualitative study using the Convoy Model of Social Relations
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Lived experiences of older adults and caregivers on social networks, social support from Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu: a qualitative study using the Convoy Model of Social Relations
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Journal Article
Lived experiences of older adults and caregivers on social networks, social support from Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu: a qualitative study using the Convoy Model of Social Relations
2026
Overview
Changing family structures, nuclearization and urbanization are reshaping the socialization and support networks of older adults. Smaller families and migration reduce direct care and engagement opportunities, impacting health and functional ability in the growing aging population. The study explored social networks and perceived social support for older adults in rural and urban Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, through 33 in-depth interviews (22 older adults and 11 caregivers). Using the Convoy Model of Social Relations, thematic analysis revealed that immediate close ties, such as spouses and children, provided essential emotional, physical and financial support to maintain functional ability, regardless of the individual's location. The middle circle of the extended family assisted with hospital visits, meals during emergencies and support when the immediate family was absent. The outer circle, comprising non family members and formal caregivers, offered physical, informational, logistical and occasional financial help. Parents of migrated children often receive financial aid and virtual emotional support, whereas extended family or neighbors provide physical assistance when caregivers are absent. In urban areas, work demands and technology use limit in-person family interaction, prompting elders to turn to WhatsApp, gaming apps and online health content to combat loneliness. They also perceived taking care of grandchildren as burdensome. In contrast, rural elders viewed time with children as “medicine” for emotional well-being. Caregivers reported feeling burdened by elder care, which increased the demand for caregiver support groups to reduce emotional strain.
Strengthening intergenerational social relationships and promoting healthy, purposeful technology use are key strategies to support functional ability, emotional health and overall well-being in India’s aging population.
