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Non-canonical activation of OmpR drives acid and osmotic stress responses in single bacterial cells
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Non-canonical activation of OmpR drives acid and osmotic stress responses in single bacterial cells
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Journal Article
Non-canonical activation of OmpR drives acid and osmotic stress responses in single bacterial cells
2017
Overview
Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria undergo large changes in osmolality and cytoplasmic pH. It has been described that during acid stress, bacteria internal pH promptly acidifies, followed by recovery. Here, using pH imaging in single living cells, we show that following acid stress, bacteria maintain an acidic cytoplasm and the osmotic stress transcription factor OmpR is required for acidification. The activation of this response is non-canonical, involving a regulatory mechanism requiring the OmpR cognate kinase EnvZ, but not OmpR phosphorylation. Single cell analysis further identifies an intracellular pH threshold ~6.5. Acid stress reduces the internal pH below this threshold, increasing OmpR dimerization and DNA binding. During osmotic stress, the internal pH is above the threshold, triggering distinct OmpR-related pathways. Preventing intracellular acidification of
Salmonella
renders it avirulent, suggesting that acid stress pathways represent a potential therapeutic target. These results further emphasize the advantages of single cell analysis over studies of population averages.
OmpR is a transcription factor activated in acid and osmotic responses of Gram-negative bacteria, leading to acidification of the bacterial cytoplasm. Here the authors use single cell pH imaging to define the role of OmpR-regulated genes in the acidification response to osmotic and acid stress of
Salmonella
and
E. coli
.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 631/57
/ Acids
/ Bacteria
/ Bacterial Proteins - genetics
/ Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
/ DNA
/ Escherichia coli - metabolism
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Regulatory mechanisms (biology)
/ Salmonella typhimurium - cytology
/ Salmonella typhimurium - genetics
/ Salmonella typhimurium - metabolism
/ Science
/ Single-Cell Analysis - methods
/ Stresses
