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Osteoprotegerin-dependent M cell self-regulation balances gut infection and immunity
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Journal Article
Osteoprotegerin-dependent M cell self-regulation balances gut infection and immunity
2020
Overview
Microfold cells (M cells) are responsible for antigen uptake to initiate immune responses in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential for M cell differentiation. Follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) covers the GALT and is continuously exposed to RANKL from stromal cells underneath the FAE, yet only a subset of FAE cells undergoes differentiation into M cells. Here, we show that M cells express osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble inhibitor of RANKL, which suppresses the differentiation of adjacent FAE cells into M cells. Notably, OPG deficiency increases M cell number in the GALT and enhances commensal bacterium-specific immunoglobulin production, resulting in the amelioration of disease symptoms in mice with experimental colitis. By contrast, OPG-deficient mice are highly susceptible to
Salmonella
infection. Thus, OPG-dependent self-regulation of M cell differentiation is essential for the balance between the infectious risk and the ability to perform immunosurveillance at the mucosal surface.
Microfold cells (M cells) sit at the gut epithelial surface to sample antigens and maintain local immune homeostasis. Here the authors show that M cells are feedback-regulated by M cell-originated osteoprotegerin (OPG) to suppress RNAKL-induced M cell differentiation, and that OPG deficiency alters both gut colitis and infection phenotypes.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 13/51
/ 38
/ 38/39
/ 38/88
/ 38/91
/ 59
/ 64
/ 64/60
/ Animals
/ Antibodies, Bacterial - immunology
/ Antigens
/ Colitis
/ Colitis - chemically induced
/ Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology
/ Gut-associated lymphoid tissues
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Immunoglobulin G - immunology
/ Intestinal Mucosa - cytology
/ Intestinal Mucosa - immunology
/ Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism
/ Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology
/ Lymphoid Tissue - immunology
/ M cells
/ Mice
/ Mucosa
/ Osteoprotegerin - metabolism
/ Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B - metabolism
/ Salmonella Infections - immunology
/ Salmonella typhimurium - immunology
/ Salmonella typhimurium - pathogenicity
/ Science
