Journal Article

An Attempt to Identify the Medaka Receptor for Somatolactin Alpha Using a Reverse Genetics Approach

Yuko Moroki, Shoji Fukamachi, Yuko Ogawa, Mamiko Komori, Haruna Ohno, Erina Nagumo

2023

Overview

Somatolactin alpha (SLα) is a fish-specific hormone involved in body color regulation. The growth hormone (GH) is another hormone that is expressed in all vertebrates and promotes growth. These peptide hormones act by binding to receptors (SLα receptor (SLR) and GH receptor (GHR)); however, the relationships between these ligands and their receptors vary among species. Here, we first performed phylogenetic tree reconstruction by collecting the amino-acid sequences classified as SLR, GHR, or GHR-like from bony fish. Second, we impaired SLR or GHR functions in medaka (Oryzias sakaizumii) using CRISPR/Cas9. Lastly, we analyzed SLR and GHR mutants for phenotypes to deduce their functions. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction was performed using a total of 222 amino-acid sequences from 136 species, which revealed that many GHRa and GHRb are vaguely termed as GHR or GHR-like, while showing no orthologous/paralogous relationships. SLR and GHR mutants were successfully established for phenotyping. SLR mutants exhibited premature lethality after hatching, indicating an essential role for SLR in normal growth. GHR mutations did not affect viability, body length, or body color. These results provide no evidence that either SLR or GHR functions as a receptor for SLα; rather, phylogenetically and functionally, they seem to be receptors for GH, although their (subfunctionalized) roles warrant further investigation.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,MDPI
• Subject: Acids / amino acids / Animals / Body length / Cell receptors / color / CRISPR / CRISPR-Cas systems / death / fish / Fish Proteins / Fish Proteins - genetics / Fish Proteins - metabolism / Genes / Genetic aspects / Growth Hormone / Growth hormones / Hatching / Human Growth Hormone / Human Growth Hormone - genetics / Identification and classification / Lethality / ligands / medaka fish; phylogenetic reconstruction; genome editing; frameshift mutations; growth hormone receptor; somatolactin alpha receptor; body color / Mutagenesis / Mutants / Mutation / Oryzias / Oryzias - genetics / Oryzias - metabolism / Peptide hormones / Peptides / phenotype / Phenotypes / Phenotyping / Phylogenetics / Phylogeny / Physiological aspects / Pituitary gland / Pituitary Hormones / Pituitary Hormones - genetics / Pituitary Hormones - metabolism / Reverse Genetics / somatotropin / viability