Journal Article

Evaluation of reproductive protection against bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1 afforded by annual revaccination with modified-live viral or combination modified-live/killed viral vaccines after primary vaccination with modified-live viral vaccine

Riddell, Kay P., Short, Thomas, Rodning, Soren P., Givens, M. Daniel, Brodersen, Bruce W., Walz, Paul H., Grotelueschen, Dale, Scruggs, Daniel

2017

Overview

The objective of this study was to compare reproductive protection in cattle against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) provided by annual revaccination with multivalent modified-live viral (MLV) vaccine or multivalent combination viral (CV) vaccine containing temperature-sensitive modified-live BoHV-1 and killed BVDV when MLV vaccines were given pre-breeding to nulliparous heifers. Seventy-five beef heifers were allocated into treatment groups A (n=30; two MLV doses pre-breeding, annual revaccination with MLV vaccine), B (n=30; two MLV doses pre-breeding, annual revaccination with CV vaccine) and C (n=15; saline in lieu of vaccine). Heifers were administered treatments on days 0 (weaning), 183 (pre-breeding), 366 (first gestation), and 738 (second gestation). After first calving, primiparous cows were bred, with pregnancy assessment on day 715. At that time, 24 group A heifers (23 pregnancies), 23 group B heifers (22 pregnancies), and 15 group C heifers (15 pregnancies) were commingled with six persistently infected (PI) cattle for 16days. Ninety-nine days after PI removal, cows were intravenously inoculated with BoHV-1. All fetuses and live offspring were assessed for BVDV and BoHV-1. Abortions occurred in 3/23 group A cows, 1/22 group B cows, and 11/15 group C cows. Fetal infection with BVDV or BoHV-1 occurred in 4/23 group A offspring, 0/22 group B offspring, and 15/15 group C offspring. This research demonstrates efficacy of administering two pre-breeding doses of MLV vaccine with annual revaccination using CV vaccine to prevent fetal loss due to exposure to BVDV and BoHV-1.

• Publisher: Elsevier Ltd,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Abortion / Abortion, Spontaneous - immunology / Abortion, Spontaneous - prevention & control / Abortion, Spontaneous - virology / Abortion, Veterinary - immunology / Abortion, Veterinary - prevention & control / Abortion, Veterinary - virology / Allergy and Immunology / Animals / Antibodies, Viral - biosynthesis / Antigens / Beef / beef cattle / Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 / Bovine herpesvirus 1 / Bovine viral diarrhea virus / Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 / Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - immunology / Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - prevention & control / Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - virology / calving / Cattle / cows / Diarrhea / Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral - drug effects / Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral - immunology / Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral - pathogenicity / Female / fetal death / Fetus / Fetuses / Flaviviridae / heifers / Herpesviridae / Herpesvirus 1, Bovine - drug effects / Herpesvirus 1, Bovine - immunology / Herpesvirus 1, Bovine - pathogenicity / Immunization / Immunization, Secondary / Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis - immunology / Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis - prevention & control / Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis - virology / Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - prevention & control / intravenous injection / Offspring / Pregnancy / Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - immunology / Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - prevention & control / Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology / progeny / Reproductive protection / Respiratory syncytial virus / Ultrasonic imaging / vaccination / Vaccine efficacy / Vaccines / Vaccines, Attenuated / Vaccines, Combined / Vaccines, Inactivated / Viral infections / viral vaccines / Viral Vaccines - administration & dosage / weaning