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Ancient horizontal transfers of retrotransposons between birds and ancestors of human pathogenic nematodes
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Ancient horizontal transfers of retrotransposons between birds and ancestors of human pathogenic nematodes
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Journal Article
Ancient horizontal transfers of retrotransposons between birds and ancestors of human pathogenic nematodes
2016
Overview
Parasite host switches may trigger disease emergence, but prehistoric host ranges are often unknowable. Lymphatic filariasis and loiasis are major human diseases caused by the insect-borne filarial nematodes
Brugia
,
Wuchereria
and
Loa
. Here we show that the genomes of these nematodes and seven tropical bird lineages exclusively share a novel retrotransposon, AviRTE, resulting from horizontal transfer (HT). AviRTE subfamilies exhibit 83–99% nucleotide identity between genomes, and their phylogenetic distribution, paleobiogeography and invasion times suggest that HTs involved filarial nematodes. The HTs between bird and nematode genomes took place in two pantropical waves, >25–22 million years ago (Myr ago) involving the
Brugia
/
Wuchereria
lineage and >20–17 Myr ago involving the
Loa
lineage. Contrary to the expectation from the mammal-dominated host range of filarial nematodes, we hypothesize that these major human pathogens may have independently evolved from bird endoparasites that formerly infected the global breadth of avian biodiversity.
Lymphatic filariasis and loiasis are diseases caused by insect-borne filarial nematodes. Here, Suh
et al
. identify a retrotransposon that is present in the genomes of these nematodes and seven tropical bird lineages, indicating two waves of horizontal gene transfer around 17–25 million years ago.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Animals
/ Bird Diseases - epidemiology
/ Bird Diseases - parasitology
/ Bird Diseases - transmission
/ Birds
/ Elephantiasis, Filarial - epidemiology
/ Elephantiasis, Filarial - history
/ Elephantiasis, Filarial - parasitology
/ Elephantiasis, Filarial - transmission
/ Genomes
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Museums
/ Science
