Journal Article

Meaningful associations in the adolescent brain cognitive development study

Fan, Chun Chieh, Palmer, Clare, Stuart, Elizabeth A., Watts, Ashley L., Heeringa, Steven, Thompson, Wesley K., Hawes, Samuel, Hoffman, Elizabeth, Garavan, Hugh, Jernigan, Terry L., Haist, Frank, Nichols, Thomas E., Paulus, Martin P., Grant, Steven, Barch, Deanna M., Neale, Michael, Lopez, Daniel A., Pariyadath, Vani, Dick, Anthony Steven, Reuter, Chase, Bartsch, Hauke, Marshall, Andrew, Kennedy, David N., Sher, Kenneth J.

2021

Overview

•Describes the ABCD study aims and design.•Covers issues surrounding estimation of meaningful associations, including population inferences, effect sizes, and control of covariates.•Outlines best practices for reproducible research and reporting of results.•Provides worked examples that illustrate the main points of the paper. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is the largest single-cohort prospective longitudinal study of neurodevelopment and children's health in the United States. A cohort of n = 11,880 children aged 9–10 years (and their parents/guardians) were recruited across 22 sites and are being followed with in-person visits on an annual basis for at least 10 years. The study approximates the US population on several key sociodemographic variables, including sex, race, ethnicity, household income, and parental education. Data collected include assessments of health, mental health, substance use, culture and environment and neurocognition, as well as geocoded exposures, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and whole-genome genotyping. Here, we describe the ABCD Study aims and design, as well as issues surrounding estimation of meaningful associations using its data, including population inferences, hypothesis testing, power and precision, control of covariates, interpretation of associations, and recommended best practices for reproducible research, analytical procedures and reporting of results.

• Publisher: Elsevier Inc,Elsevier Limited,Elsevier
• Subject: Adolescent / Adolescent brain cognitive development study / Adolescent Development / Alcoholism - epidemiology / Brain - anatomy & histology / Brain - growth & development / Brain - physiology / Brain mapping / Catchment Area, Health / Child / Child development / Children / Children & youth / Cognition - physiology / Cognitive ability / Cognitive development / Consent / Covariate Adjustments / Demographics / Effect Sizes / Ethnicity / Female / Follow-Up Studies / Functional magnetic resonance imaging / Gene-Environment Interaction / Genetics / Genomes / Genotyping / Households / Humans / Hypothesis testing / Longitudinal studies / Male / Medical imaging / Models, Neurological / Models, Psychological / Neuroimaging / Organ Size / Parents & parenting / Parents - psychology / Population / Population neuroscience / Population studies / Propensity Score / Prospective Studies / Psychology, Adolescent / Reproducibility / Reproducibility of Results / Research Design / Sample Size / Sampling Studies / Schools / Selection Bias / Socioeconomic Factors / Structure-function relationships / Substance use / Teenagers / United States / Word of mouth advertising