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Seed-specific expression of truncated OsGAD2 produces GABA-enriched rice grains that influence a decrease in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats
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Seed-specific expression of truncated OsGAD2 produces GABA-enriched rice grains that influence a decrease in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats
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Seed-specific expression of truncated OsGAD2 produces GABA-enriched rice grains that influence a decrease in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats
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Journal Article
Seed-specific expression of truncated OsGAD2 produces GABA-enriched rice grains that influence a decrease in blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats
2009
Overview
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon amino acid that is commonly present in living organisms and functions as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammals. It is understood to have a potentially anti-hypertensive effect in mammals. GABA is synthesized from glutamate by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). In plants, GAD is regulated via its calmodulin-binding domain (CaMBD) by Ca²⁺/CaM. We have previously reported that a C-terminal truncated version of one of the five rice GAD isoforms, GAD2ΔC, revealed higher enzymatic activity in vitro and that its over-expression resulted in exceptionally high GABA accumulation (Akama and Takaiwa, J Exp Bot 58:2699-2607, 2007). In this study, GAD2ΔC, under the control of the rice glutelin promoter (GluB-1), was introduced into rice cells via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to produce transgenic rice lines. Analysis of the free amino acid content of rice grains revealed up to about a 30-fold higher level of GABA than in non-transformed rice grains. There were also very high levels of various free protein amino acids in the seeds. GABA-enriched rice grains were milled to a fine powder for oral administration to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs). Six weeks of administration showed that transgenic rice brings about a 20 mmHg decrease in blood pressure in two different kinds of SHRs, while there was no significant hypotensive effect in WKYs. These results suggest an alternative way to control and/or cure hypertension in humans with GABA-enriched rice as part of a common daily diet.
Publisher
Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands,Springer Netherlands,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ analysis
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Animals
/ Antihypertensive Agents - administration & dosage
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology
/ Blood Pressure - drug effects
/ Calcium
/ Diets
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - administration & dosage
/ gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - analysis
/ genetics
/ Glutamate Decarboxylase - genetics
/ Glutelin
/ Grain
/ Methods. Procedures. Technologies
/ Oryza
/ Plants, Genetically Modified
/ Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics
/ Powder
/ Rats
/ rice
/ Seeds
