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Journal Article
Nitric oxide-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation
2019
Overview
Nitric oxide (NO) has important functions in biology and atmospheric chemistry as a toxin, signaling molecule, ozone depleting agent and the precursor of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N
2
O). Although NO is a potent oxidant, and was available on Earth earlier than oxygen, it is unclear whether NO can be used by microorganisms for growth. Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria couple nitrite reduction to ammonium oxidation with NO and hydrazine as intermediates, and produce N
2
and nitrate. Here, we show that the anammox bacterium
Kuenenia stuttgartiensis
is able to grow in the absence of nitrite by coupling ammonium oxidation to NO reduction, and produce only N
2
. Under these growth conditions, the transcription of proteins necessary for NO generation is downregulated. Our work has potential implications in the control of N
2
O and NO emissions from natural and manmade ecosystems, where anammox bacteria contribute significantly to N
2
release to the atmosphere. We hypothesize that microbial NO-dependent ammonium oxidation may have existed on early Earth.
Anammox bacteria couple nitrite reduction to ammonium oxidation, with nitric oxide (NO) and hydrazine as intermediates, and produce N
2
and nitrate. Here, Hu et al. show that an anammox bacterium can grow in the absence of nitrite by coupling ammonium oxidation to NO reduction, producing only N
2
.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 82/81
/ Ammonium
/ Ammonium Compounds - chemistry
/ Ammonium Compounds - metabolism
/ Bacteria
/ Bacterial Proteins - genetics
/ Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
/ Coupling
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Molecular Sequence Annotation
/ Nitrates
/ Nitrites
/ Oxidants
/ Planctomycetales - chemistry
/ Planctomycetales - metabolism
/ Proteins
/ Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - chemistry
/ Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - metabolism
/ Science
/ Toxins
