Journal Article

Systematic review of Group B Streptococcal capsular types, sequence types and surface proteins as potential vaccine candidates

Hall, Jenny, Bianchi-Jassir, Fiorella, Seale, Anna C., Le Doare, Kirsty, Kwatra, Gaurav, Bassat, Quique, Jauneikaite, Elita, Madrid, Lola, Russell, Neal J., Lawn, Joy E., Carreras-Abad, Clara, To, Ka-Ning, Paul, Proma, Madhi, Shabir A.

2020

Overview

•Most comprehensive review of Group B Streptococcal serotypes through 2018.•First systematic review of Group B Streptococcal strain type and protein data.•Theoretically candidate vaccines may protect against 93-99% disease-causing strains.•More studies on GBS strains in low- and middle-income countries are needed. 21 million pregnant women worldwide (18%) are estimated to carry Group B Streptococcus (GBS), which is a risk for invasive disease in newborns, pregnant women, and stillbirths. Adults ≥ 60 years or with underlying health conditions are also vulnerable to invasive GBS disease. We undertook systematic reviews on GBS organism characteristics including: capsular polysaccharide (serotype), sequence type (multi-locus sequence types (MLST)), and virulence proteins. We synthesised data by at-risk populations, to inform vaccine development. We conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses to estimate proportions of GBS serotypes for at risk populations: maternal colonisation, invasive disease in pregnant women, stillbirths, infants 0–90 days age, and older adults (≥60 years). We considered regional variation and time trends (2001–2018). For these at-risk population groups, we summarised reported MLST and surface proteins. Based on 198 studies (29247isolates), 93–99% of GBS isolates were serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, IV and V. Regional variation is likely, but data gaps are apparent, even for maternal colonisation which has most data. Serotype III dominates for infant invasive disease (60%) and GBS-associated stillbirths (41%). ST17 accounted for a high proportion of infant invasive disease (41%; 95%CI: 35–47) and was found almost exclusively in serotype III strains, less present in maternal colonisation (9%; 95%CI:6–13),(4%; 95%CI:0–11) infant colonisation, and adult invasive disease (4%, 95%CI:2–6). Percentages of strains with at least one of alp 1, alp2/3, alpha C or Rib surface protein targets were 87% of maternal colonisation, 97% infant colonisation, 93% infant disease and 99% adult invasive disease. At least one of three pilus islands proteins were reported in all strains. A hexavalent vaccine (serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, IV and V) might provide comprehensive cover for all at-risk populations. Surveillance of circulating, disease-causing target proteins is useful to inform vaccines not targeting capsular polysaccharide. Addressing data gaps especially by world region and some at-risk populations (notably stillbirths) is fundamental to evidence-based decision-making during vaccine design.

• Publisher: Elsevier Ltd,Elsevier Limited,Elsevier Science
• Subject: Adult / Adults / Aged / Allergy and Immunology / At risk populations / at-risk population / Births / Capsular polysaccharides / Colonization / Decision making / Estimates / Female / Fetuses / fimbriae / Group B Streptococcus / Humans / Infant / infant diseases / Infant, Newborn / Infants / Infections / Maternal / Membrane Proteins / Meta-analysis / monitoring / Multi locus sequence typing / Multilocus Sequence Typing / Neonatal / Neonates / Newborn babies / Older people / Polysaccharides / Populations / Pregnancy / Premature birth / Proteins / Review / Risk / Serotypes / Stillbirth / Strains (organisms) / Streptococcal Infections - epidemiology / Streptococcal Infections - prevention & control / Streptococcus / Streptococcus agalactiae / Streptococcus agalactiae - genetics / Streptococcus infections / surface proteins / Systematic review / Vaccine / Vaccine development / Vaccines / Virulence / Whole genome sequencing / Womens health