Journal Article

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices and long-term immune response after rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccination in healthcare workers in high-risk districts in Uganda

Driwale, Alfred, Tumusiime, Alex, Bergeron, Eric, Haberling, Dana L., Montgomery, Joel M., Mulei, Sophia, Cossaboom, Caitlin M., Kainulainen, Markus H., Harmon, Jessica, Muruta, Allan, Baluku, Jimmy, Lutwama, Julius J., Balinandi, Stephen, Klena, John D., Whitesell, Amy, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Twongyeirwe, Sam, Waltenburg, Michelle A., Spiropoulou, Christina, Kyondo, Jackson, Shoemaker, Trevor, Makumbi, Issa

2024

Overview

The rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine (rVSV-ZEBOV) has been used in response to Ebola disease outbreaks caused by Ebola virus (EBOV). Understanding Ebola knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and the long-term immune response following rVSV-ZEBOV are critical to inform recommendations on future use. We administered surveys and collected blood samples from healthcare workers (HCWs) from seven Ugandan healthcare facilities. Questionnaires collected information on demographic characteristics and KAP related to Ebola and vaccination. IgG ELISA, virus neutralization, and interferon gamma ELISpot measured immunological responses against EBOV glycoprotein (GP). Overall, 37 % (210/565) of HCWs reported receiving any Ebola vaccination. Knowledge that rVSV-ZEBOV only protects against EBOV was low among vaccinated (32 %; 62/192) and unvaccinated (7 %; 14/200) HCWs. Most vaccinated (91 %; 192/210) and unvaccinated (92 %; 326/355) HCWs wanted to receive a booster or initial dose of rVSV-ZEBOV, respectively. Median time from rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination to sample collection was 37.7 months (IQR: 30.5, 38.3). IgG antibodies against EBOV GP were detected in 95 % (61/64) of HCWs with vaccination cards and in 84 % (162/194) of HCWs who reported receiving a vaccination. Geometric mean titer among seropositive vaccinees was 0.066 IU/mL (95 % CI: 0.058–0.076). As Uganda has experienced outbreaks of Sudan virus and Bundibugyo virus, for which rVSV-ZEBOV does not protect against, our findings underscore the importance of continued education and risk communication to HCWs on Ebola and other viral hemorrhagic fevers. IgG antibodies against EBOV GP were detected in most vaccinated HCWs in Uganda 2─4 years after vaccination; however, the duration and correlates of protection warrant further investigation.

• Publisher: Elsevier Ltd,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Adult / Allergy and Immunology / Antibodies / Antibodies, Viral - blood / Antigens / Attitudes / Blood / Ebola / Ebola vaccine / Ebola Vaccines - administration & dosage / Ebola Vaccines - immunology / Ebola virus / Ebolavirus / Ebolavirus - immunology / education / Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay / Epidemics / Female / Glycoproteins / Health care / Health care facilities / Health facilities / Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Health Personnel - statistics & numerical data / health services / Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola - immunology / Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola - prevention & control / Humans / Immune response / Immune system / Immunoglobulin G / Immunoglobulin G - blood / Immunology / interferon-gamma / Investigations / Male / Medical personnel / Middle Aged / Neutralization / neutralization tests / Outbreaks / Questionnaires / risk communication / rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP / seroprevalence / Sudan / Surveys and Questionnaires / Uganda / vaccination / Vaccination - methods / Vaccines / Viral diseases / Viruses / Young Adult