Journal Article

Molecular surveillance and temporal monitoring of malaria parasites in focal Vietnamese provinces

Quyet, Do, Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P., Son, Ho Anh, Brauny, Melanie, Toan, Nguyen Linh, Pallerla, Srinivas Reddy, Van Tong, Hoang, Allen, Genevieve, Huyen, Tran Thi Thu, Linh, Le Thi Kieu, Van Long, Bui

2020

Overview

Background While the World Health Organization (WHO) Southeast Asia region has the second highest incidence of malaria worldwide, malaria in Vietnam is focal to few provinces, where delayed parasite clearance to anti-malarial drugs is documented. This study aims to understand Plasmodium species distribution and the genetic diversity of msp1 and msp2 of parasite populations using molecular tools. Methods A total of 222 clinical isolates from individuals with uncomplicated malaria were subjected to Plasmodium species identification by nested real-time PCR. 166 isolates positive for Plasmodium falciparum mono infections were further genotyped for msp1 (MAD20, K1, and RO33), and msp2 allelic families (3D7 and FC27). Amplicons were resolved through capillary electrophoresis in the QIAxcel Advanced system. Results Mono-infections were high and with 75% P. falciparum , 14% Plasmodium vivax and 9% P. falciparum/P. vivax co-infections, with less than 1% Plasmodium malariae identified. For msp1 , MAD20 was the most prevalent (99%), followed by K1 (46%) allelic family, with no sample testing positive for RO33 (0%). For msp2 , 3D7 allelic family was predominant (97%), followed by FC27 (10%). The multiplicity of infection of msp1 and msp2 was 2.6 and 1.1, respectively, and the mean overall multiplicity of infection was 3.7, with the total number of alleles ranging from 1 to 7. Conclusions Given the increasing importance of antimalarial drugs in the region, the genetic diversity of P. falciparum msp1 and msp2 should be regularly monitored with respect to treatment outcomes and/or efficacy studies in regions, where there are ongoing changes in the malaria epidemiology.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Alleles / Analytical methods / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedicine / Capillary electrophoresis / Clinical isolates / Cloning / Deoxyribonucleic acid / DNA / Drugs / Entomology / Epidemiology / Erythrocytes / Genetic aspects / Genetic diversity / Genetic variation / Genotype / Geographical distribution / Health aspects / Human diseases / Identification and classification / Infections / Infectious Diseases / Malaria / Methods / Microbiology / msp1 / msp2 / Multiplicity of infection / Nucleotide sequence / Parasites / Parasitology / PCR / Plasmodium / Polymerase chain reaction / Public Health / Sentinel health events / Species / Species identification / Tropical Medicine / Vector-borne diseases / Vietnam / Virulence (Microbiology)