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Family integrated care: Supporting parents as primary caregivers in the neonatal intensive care unit
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Family integrated care: Supporting parents as primary caregivers in the neonatal intensive care unit
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Journal Article
Family integrated care: Supporting parents as primary caregivers in the neonatal intensive care unit
2021
Overview
Family integrated care (FICare) is a collaborative model of neonatal care which aims to address the negative impacts of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment by involving parents as equal partners, minimizing separation, and supporting parent‐infant closeness. FICare incorporates psychological, educational, communication, and environmental strategies to support parents to cope with the NICU environment and to prepare them to be able to emotionally, cognitively, and physically care for their infant. FICare has been associated with improved infant feeding, growth, and parent wellbeing and self‐efficacy; important mediators for long‐term improved infant neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes. FICare implementation requires multi‐disciplinary commitment, staff motivation, and sufficient time for preparation and readiness for change as professionals relinquish power and control to instead develop collaborative partnerships with parents. Successful FICare implementation and culture change have been applied by neonatal teams internationally, using practical approaches suited to their local environments. Strategies such as parent and staff meetings and relational communication help to break down barriers to change by providing space for the co‐creation of knowledge, the negotiation of caregiving roles and the development of trusting relationships. The COVID‐19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability within programs supporting parental presence in neonatal units and the profound impacts of parent‐infant separation. New technologies and digital innovations can help to mitigate these challenges, and support renewed efforts to embed FICare philosophy and practice in neonatal care during the COVID‐19 recovery and beyond. Family integrated care (FICare) is a practical, evidence‐based approach to supporting parents as primary caregivers in the neonatal intensive care unit, for which there is now compelling evidence of benefit for infants, their families, and healthcare services from diverse international settings. Implementing FICare requires multi‐disciplinary commitment, motivation, and sufficient time for preparation and readiness. During this process of culture change professionals actively shift the focus of care to provide mentorship and coaching to facilitate the development of partnerships with parents as they gain the skills and confidence to care for their infants.
