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Receptor interacting protein kinase 2–mediated mitophagy regulates inflammasome activation during virus infection
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Journal Article
Receptor interacting protein kinase 2–mediated mitophagy regulates inflammasome activation during virus infection
2013
Overview
Autophagocytic disposal of mitochondria (mitophagy) is important for regulating inflammation. Kanneganti and colleagues show that RIP2 kinase–initiated mitophagy is critical for dampening virally triggered immunopathology.
NOD2 receptor and the cytosolic protein kinase RIPK2 regulate NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling during bacterial infections, but the role of this immune axis during viral infections has not been addressed. We demonstrate that
Nod2
−/−
and
Ripk2
−/−
mice are hypersusceptible to infection with influenza A virus.
Ripk2
−/−
cells exhibited defective autophagy of mitochondria (mitophagy), leading to enhanced mitochondrial production of superoxide and accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which resulted in greater activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and production of IL-18. RIPK2 regulated mitophagy in a kinase-dependent manner by phosphorylating the mitophagy inducer ULK1. Accordingly,
Ulk1
−/−
cells exhibited enhanced mitochondrial production of superoxide and activation of caspase-1. These results demonstrate a role for NOD2-RIPK2 signaling in protection against virally triggered immunopathology by negatively regulating activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and production of IL-18 via ULK1-dependent mitophagy.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group US,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Alphainfluenzavirus - immunology
/ Animals
/ Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog
/ Carrier Proteins - metabolism
/ Cellular signal transduction
/ Mice
/ NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
/ Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein - genetics
/ Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein - metabolism
/ Orthomyxoviridae Infections - immunology
/ Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics
/ Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
/ Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2 - genetics
/ Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2 - metabolism
