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Educational roles as a continuum of mentoring’s role in medicine – a systematic review and thematic analysis of educational studies from 2000 to 2018
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Educational roles as a continuum of mentoring’s role in medicine – a systematic review and thematic analysis of educational studies from 2000 to 2018
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Journal Article
Educational roles as a continuum of mentoring’s role in medicine – a systematic review and thematic analysis of educational studies from 2000 to 2018
2019
Overview
Background
Recent studies have gone to great lengths to differentiate mentoring from
teaching, tutoring, role modelling, coaching and supervision
in efforts to better understand mentoring processes. This review seeks to evaluate the notion that
teaching, tutoring, role modelling, coaching and supervision
may in fact all be part of the mentoring process. To evaluate this theory, this review scrutinizes current literature on
teaching, tutoring, role modelling, coaching and supervision
to evaluate their commonalities with prevailing concepts of novice mentoring.
Methods
A three staged approach is adopted to evaluate this premise. Stage one involves four systematic reviews on one-to-one learning interactions in
teaching, tutoring, role modelling, coaching and supervision
within Internal Medicine, published between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2018. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) approach to thematic analysis was used to identify key elements within these approaches and facilitate comparisons between them.
Stage two provides an updated view of one-to-one mentoring between a senior physician and a medical student or junior doctor to contextualise the discussion.
Stage three infuses mentoring into the findings delineated in stage one.
Results
Seventeen thousand four hundred ninety-nine citations were reviewed, 235 full-text articles were reviewed, and 104 articles were thematically analysed. Four themes were identified – characteristics, processes, nature of relationship, and problems faced in each of the four educational roles.
Conclusions
Role modelling, teaching and tutoring, coaching and supervision
lie within a mentoring spectrum of increasingly structured interactions, assisted by assessments, feedback and personalised support that culminate with a mentoring approach. Still requiring validation, these findings necessitate a reconceptualization of mentoring and changes to mentor training programs and how mentoring is assessed and supported.
