Journal Article

Epigenetic frontiers: miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and nanomaterials are pioneering to cancer therapy

Shah, Mohd Asif, Thamarai, Rajkumar, Kamaraj, Chinnaperumal, Batra, Jyoti, Karthik, Krishnasamy, Prabhakaran, Rajkumar, Mallik, Saurav, Dhandayuthapani, Sivanesan, Sivasamy, Sivabalan

2024

Overview

Cancer has arisen from both genetic mutations and epigenetic changes, making epigenetics a crucial area of research for innovative cancer prevention and treatment strategies. This dual perspective has propelled epigenetics into the forefront of cancer research. This review highlights the important roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs, which are key regulators of cancer-related gene expression. It explores the potential of epigenetic-based therapies to revolutionize patient outcomes by selectively modulating specific epigenetic markers involved in tumorigenesis. The review examines promising epigenetic biomarkers for early cancer detection and prognosis. It also highlights recent progress in oligonucleotide-based therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and antimiRs, to precisely modulate epigenetic processes. Furthermore, the concept of epigenetic editing is discussed, providing insight into the future role of precision medicine for cancer patients. The integration of nanomedicine into cancer therapy has been explored and offers innovative approaches to improve therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive review of recent advances in epigenetic-based cancer therapy seeks to advance the field of precision oncology, ultimately culminating in improved patient outcomes in the fight against cancer.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Animal Genetics and Genomics / Animals / Antisense oligonucleotides / Antisense therapy / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Cancer / Cancer therapies / Cell Biology / Diagnosis / DNA / DNA Methylation / Epigenesis, Genetic / Epigenetic inheritance / Epigenetics / Fatalities / Fundamentals and Perspectives in Epigenetics & Chromatin Research / Gene Expression / Gene Function / Gene mutations / Genes / Genetic aspects / Health aspects / Histone modifications / Histones / Human Genetics / Humans / Life Sciences / Methylation / MicroRNA / MicroRNAs / MicroRNAs - genetics / MicroRNAs - metabolism / miRNA / Mortality / Nanomedicine / Nanostructures / Nanotechnology / Neoplasms - genetics / Neoplasms - therapy / Non-coding RNA / Non-coding RNAs epigenetic therapy / Oncology, Experimental / Plant Genetics and Genomics / Precision medicine / Prevention / Prognosis / Review / RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics / RNA, Long Noncoding - metabolism / Tumorigenesis