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Prevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock following a confirmed human case in Lyantonde district, Uganda
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Prevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock following a confirmed human case in Lyantonde district, Uganda
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Journal Article
Prevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock following a confirmed human case in Lyantonde district, Uganda
2023
Overview
Background
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral infection, characterized by haemorrhagic fever in humans and transient asymptomatic infection in animals. It is an emerging human health threat causing sporadic outbreaks in Uganda. We conducted a detailed outbreak investigation in the animal population following the death from CCHF of a 42-year-old male cattle trader in Lyantonde district, Uganda. This was to ascertain the extent of CCHF virus (CCHFV) circulation among cattle and goats and to identify affected farms and ongoing increased environmental risk for future human infections.
Methods
We collected blood and tick samples from 117 cattle and 93 goats, and tested these for anti-CCHFV antibodies and antigen using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and target enrichment next generation sequencing.
Results
CCHFV-specific IgG antibodies were detected in 110/117 (94.0%) cattle and 83/93 (89.3%) goats. Animal seropositivity was independently associated with female animals (AOR = 9.42,
P
= 0.002), and animals reared under a pastoral animal production system (AOR = 6.02,
P
= 0.019] were more likely to be seropositive than tethered or communally grazed animals. CCHFV was detected by sequencing in
Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
ticks but not in domestic animals.
Conclusion
This investigation demonstrated very high seroprevalence of CCHFV antibodies in both cattle and goats in farms associated with a human case of CCHF in Lyantonde. Therefore, building surveillance programs for CCHF around farms in this area and the Ugandan cattle corridor is indicated, in order to identify opportunities for case prevention and control.
Graphical Abstract
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,BMC
Subject
/ Animals
/ antigens
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ blood
/ Cattle
/ Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
/ Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
/ death
/ Diseases
/ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
/ Female
/ females
/ fever
/ Goats
/ Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo - genetics
/ Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - epidemiology
/ Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - veterinary
/ Humans
/ Male
/ males
/ reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
/ Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
/ risk
/ ticks
/ Uganda
/ Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
/ Virology
/ viruses
/ Zoonoses
