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Nutritional impact of elevated calcium transport activity in carrots
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Journal Article
Nutritional impact of elevated calcium transport activity in carrots
2008
Overview
Nutrition recommendations worldwide emphasize ingestion of plant-based diets rather than diets that rely primarily on animal products. However, this plant-based diet could limit the intake of essential nutrients such as calcium. Osteoporosis is one of the world's most prevalent nutritional disorders, and inadequate dietary calcium is a known contributor to the pathophysiology of this condition. Previously, we have modified carrots to express increased levels of a plant calcium transporter (sCAX1), and these plants contain [almost equal to]2-fold-higher calcium content in the edible portions of the carrots. However, it was unproven whether this change would increase the total amount of bioavailable calcium. In randomized trials, we labeled these modified carrots with isotopic calcium and fed them to mice and humans to assess calcium bioavailability. In mice feeding regimes (n = 120), we measured ⁴⁵Ca incorporation into bones and determined that mice required twice the serving size of control carrots to obtain the calcium found in sCAX1 carrots. We used a dual-stable isotope method with ⁴²Ca-labeled carrots and i.v. ⁴⁶Ca to determine the absorption of calcium from these carrots in humans. In a cross-over study of 15 male and 15 female adults, we found that when people were fed sCAX1 and control carrots, total calcium absorption per 100 g of carrots was 41% ± 2% higher in sCAX1 carrots. Both the mice and human feeding studies demonstrate increased calcium absorption from sCAX1-expressing carrots compared with controls. These results demonstrate an alternative means of fortifying vegetables with bioavailable calcium.
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences,National Acad Sciences
Subject
/ Adult
/ adults
/ Animals
/ bones
/ Calcium
/ Calcium Isotopes - administration & dosage
/ Calcium Isotopes - metabolism
/ Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage
/ Calcium, Dietary - metabolism
/ Carrots
/ Cation Transport Proteins - genetics
/ Daucus
/ Diet
/ Female
/ females
/ Food
/ Humans
/ Isotopes
/ Male
/ males
/ Mice
/ people
/ Plants
/ Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics
