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Human immune system variation
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Journal Article
Human immune system variation
2017
Overview
Key Points
Human immune system composition and function are highly variable between healthy individuals, but they are relatively stable over time within a given individual.
Human immune systems vary as a consequence of heritable and non-heritable influences, but non-heritable influences explain most of the variation.
Understanding the specific factors that shape an individual's immune system is key for understanding immune competence and risk of immune-mediated and infectious diseases.
This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the influences on human immune system variation. Systems immunology analyses have revealed that variations between individuals are mainly due to non-heritable influences such as age, sex, microbiota and the environment.
The human immune system is highly variable between individuals but relatively stable over time within a given person. Recent conceptual and technological advances have enabled systems immunology analyses, which reveal the composition of immune cells and proteins in populations of healthy individuals. The range of variation and some specific influences that shape an individual's immune system is now becoming clearer. Human immune systems vary as a consequence of heritable and non-heritable influences, but symbiotic and pathogenic microbes and other non-heritable influences explain most of this variation. Understanding when and how such influences shape the human immune system is key for defining metrics of immunological health and understanding the risk of immune-mediated and infectious diseases.
