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A new neural framework for visuospatial processing
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Journal Article
A new neural framework for visuospatial processing
2011
Overview
Key Points
Originally, the dorsal visual processing stream was proposed as a 'Where' pathway, supporting spatial processing, but later accounts proposed that it is a 'How' pathway subserving primarily non-conscious visually-guided action.
We resolve this debate by showing that at least three pathways emerge from the dorsal stream, supporting three different forms of spatial processing.
The parieto–prefrontal pathway connects the posterior parietal with the prefrontal cortex and supports eye movements and spatial working memory.
The parieto–premotor pathway connects the posterior parietal with the premotor cortices and supports visually guided action.
The parieto–medial temporal pathway is the most complex projection from the posterior parietal cortex. It is a multisynaptic projection emerging from the caudal portion of the inferior parietal lobule and terminating in the parahippocampal cortex and hippocampus, supporting navigation.
The intermediate areas along the parieto–medial temporal pathway — the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices — seem to aid in the coordination of allocentric and egocentric spatial representations.
Various proposals have defined the dorsal visual stream as a 'Where' or 'How' pathway. Synthesizing data from anatomical and functional studies, Mishkin and colleagues propose that in the posterior parietal cortex, three different pathways emerge from the dorsal stream, each supporting a different aspect of spatial processing.
The division of cortical visual processing into distinct dorsal and ventral streams is a key framework that has guided visual neuroscience. The characterization of the ventral stream as a 'What' pathway is relatively uncontroversial, but the nature of dorsal stream processing is less clear. Originally proposed as mediating spatial perception ('Where'), more recent accounts suggest it primarily serves non-conscious visually guided action ('How'). Here, we identify three pathways emerging from the dorsal stream that consist of projections to the prefrontal and premotor cortices, and a major projection to the medial temporal lobe that courses both directly and indirectly through the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices. These three pathways support both conscious and non-conscious visuospatial processing, including spatial working memory, visually guided action and navigation, respectively.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Animals
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ General aspects. Models. Methods
/ Humans
/ Memory
/ Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
/ Psychology. Psychophysiology
/ Space Perception - physiology
/ Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
