Journal Article

Factors associated with relapse and hospital death in patients coinfected with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV: a longitudinal study

Costa, Larissa D. L. N., Rodrigues, Vandilson, Azevedo, Conceição M. P. S., Lima, Mayara I. S., Lima, Uiara S., Silva, Lucilene A., Ithamar, Jorim

2023

Overview

Objective Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic parasitic disease in Latin America, and its clinical picture is aggravated in coinfections with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this study was to investigate clinical factors and laboratory variables associated with VL relapse and death in VL/HIV coinfected patients. Methods A prospective longitudinal study was conducted from January 2013 to July 2020 among 169 patients coinfected with VL and HIV. The outcomes investigated were the occurrence of VL relapse and death. Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results The occurrence rates were 41.4% for VL relapse and 11.2% for death. Splenomegaly and adenomegaly were associated with the increased risk of VL relapse. Patients with VL relapse had higher levels of urea ( p  = .005) and creatinine ( p  < .001). Patients who died had lower red blood cell counts ( p  = .012), hemoglobin ( p  = .017) and platelets ( p  < .001). The adjusted model showed that antiretroviral therapy for more than 6 months was associated with a decrease in VL relapse, and adenomegaly was associated with an increase in VL relapse. In addition, edema, dehydration, poor general health status, and paleness were associated with an increase in hospital death. Conclusion The findings suggest that adenomegaly, antiretroviral therapy, and renal abnormalities can be associated with VL relapse, while hematological abnormalities, and clinical manifestations like paleness, and edema can be associated with an increased odds of hospital death. Trial registration number: The study was submitted to the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Maranhão (Protocol: 409.351).

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Abnormalities / Age / Analysis / Antiretroviral agents / Antiretroviral drugs / Antiretroviral therapy / Antiviral agents / Brazil / Care and treatment / Chi-square test / Chronic Disease / Coinfection / Comorbidity / Confidence intervals / Creatinine / Death / Dehydration / Diagnosis / Diseases / Dosage and administration / Drug therapy / Edema / Erythrocytes / Hemoglobin / Highly active antiretroviral therapy / HIV / HIV (Viruses) / HIV infection / HIV Infections - complications / HIV Infections - drug therapy / Hospital Mortality / Hospitals / Human immunodeficiency virus / Humans / Infectious Diseases / Internal Medicine / Kala-azar / Laboratories / Leishmaniasis, Visceral - complications / Leishmaniasis, Visceral - drug therapy / Longitudinal Studies / Medical Microbiology / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Mortality / Parasitic diseases / Parasitology / Patients / Prevention / Prospective Studies / Recurrence / Regression analysis / Regression models / Relapse / Risk factors / Spleen / Splenomegaly / Statistical analysis / Tropical Medicine / Urea / Vector-borne diseases / Visceral leishmaniasis