Journal Article

Fatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies

Ardisson Korat, Andres V., de Goede, Janette, Giles, Graham G., Robinson, Jennifer G., Imamura, Fumiaki, Siscovick, David S., Uusitupa, Matti, Forouhi, Nita G., Fretts, Amanda, Koulman, Albert, Lin, Hung-Ju, Risérus, Ulf, Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S., Gudnason, Vilmundur, McKnight, Barbara, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Bassett, Julie K., Harris, William S., Hu, Frank, Wareham, Nick J., Sotoodehnia, Nona, Lind, Lars, Yu, Chaoyu Ian, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Wu, Jason HY, Rajaobelina, Kalina, Laakso, Markku, Samieri, Cécilia, Lemaitre, Rozenn N., Djoussé, Luc, Micha, Renata, Hodge, Allison, Helmer, Catherine, Brouwer, Ingeborg A., Frazier-Wood, Alexis C., Chen, Tzu-An, Tintle, Nathan, Lankinen, Maria, Wong, Kerry, del Gobbo, Liana C., Sun, Qi, Tsai, Michael Y., Marklund, Matti, Qureshi, Waqas, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Yang, Wei-Sin, Murphy, Rachel, Chien, Kuo-Liong

2018

Overview

We aimed to investigate prospective associations of circulating or adipose tissue odd-chain fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 and trans-palmitoleic acid, t16:1n-7, as potential biomarkers of dairy fat intake, with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sixteen prospective cohorts from 12 countries (7 from the United States, 7 from Europe, 1 from Australia, 1 from Taiwan) performed new harmonised individual-level analysis for the prospective associations according to a standardised plan. In total, 63,682 participants with a broad range of baseline ages and BMIs and 15,180 incident cases of T2D over the average of 9 years of follow-up were evaluated. Study-specific results were pooled using inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis. Prespecified interactions by age, sex, BMI, and race/ethnicity were explored in each cohort and were meta-analysed. Potential heterogeneity by cohort-specific characteristics (regions, lipid compartments used for fatty acid assays) was assessed with metaregression. After adjustment for potential confounders, including measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference) and lipogenesis (levels of palmitate, triglycerides), higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with lower incidence of T2D. In the most adjusted model, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for incident T2D per cohort-specific 10th to 90th percentile range of 15:0 was 0.80 (0.73-0.87); of 17:0, 0.65 (0.59-0.72); of t16:1n7, 0.82 (0.70-0.96); and of their sum, 0.71 (0.63-0.79). In exploratory analyses, similar associations for 15:0, 17:0, and the sum of all three fatty acids were present in both genders but stronger in women than in men (pinteraction < 0.001). Whereas studying associations with biomarkers has several advantages, as limitations, the biomarkers do not distinguish between different food sources of dairy fat (e.g., cheese, yogurt, milk), and residual confounding by unmeasured or imprecisely measured confounders may exist. In a large meta-analysis that pooled the findings from 16 prospective cohort studies, higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with a lower risk of T2D.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adipose tissue / Afdeling Humane voeding / Aged / Australia - epidemiology / Bioindicators / Biology and Life Sciences / Biomarkers / Biomarkers - blood / Biomedical research / Body mass / Cancer / Chair Nutrition and Disease / Cheese / Clinical medicine / Cohort analysis / Consortia / Councils / Dairy Products / Diabetes / Diabetes mellitus / Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology / Dietary Fats - administration & dosage / Endocrinology and metabolism / Epidemiology / Europe - epidemiology / Fatty acids / Fatty Acids - blood / Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - blood / Female / Food and Nutrition / Food sources / Health care / Heterogeneity / HNE Nutrition and Disease / HNE Voeding en Ziekte / Hormones / Hospitals / Human health and pathology / Human Nutrition / Human Nutrition & Health / Human Nutrition (HNE) / Humane Voeding / Humane Voeding & Gezondheid / Humans / Incidence / Internal medicine / Laboratories / Life Sciences / Lipogenesis / Male / Medical research / Medicine and Health Sciences / Men / Metabolism / Middle Aged / Minority & ethnic groups / Nutrition and Disease / Nutrition research / Palmitic acid / Palmitoleic acid / Pediatrics / People and places / Physical Sciences / Preventive medicine / Prospective Studies / Public health / Research and Analysis Methods / Santé publique et épidémiologie / Sex Factors / Systematic review / Taiwan - epidemiology / Triglycerides / United States - epidemiology / Variance analysis / VLAG / Voeding en Ziekte / Yogurt