Journal Article

Antibiotic profiling of multidrug resistant pathogens in one-day-old chicks imported from Belgium to benin

Legba, Boris, Djossa, Bruno, Sintondji, Kevin, Baba-moussa, Lamine, Togla, Innocent, Dougnon, Victorien, Boko, Cyrille, Koudokpon, Hornel, Quenum, Carlos, Hounmanou, Gildas, Deguenon, Esther, Assogba-komlan, Françoise, Soha, Arnaud, Aminou, Taératou, Dougnon, Philibert, Fabiyi, Kafayath, Lokossou, Richard

2023

Overview

Background Little data exist on the presence of resistant pathogens in day-old chicks imported into Benin. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria was assessed in 180 one-day-old chicks imported from Belgium and received at the Cardinal Bernardin Gantin International Airport in Cotonou (Benin). The samples included swabbing the blisters of 180 chicks, followed by 18 pools of 10 swabs for bacterial isolation. Classic bacteriological methods based on Gram staining, culture on specific media and biochemical characterization were used. Antibacterial susceptibility screening to antibiotics was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method, and the results were interpreted according to guidelines from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). DNA extraction was performed by the heat treatment method. Resistance genes were screened by real-time PCR. Results We isolated 32 bacteria, including Escherichia coli (50%), Enterococcus spp. (28%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (10%). The isolates were investigated for antibiotic resistance against antibiotics using the disk diffusion method and showed that in the Escherichia col i strains isolated, the highest rate of resistance was obtained against ciprofloxacin (81%), followed by trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (62%). Enterobacter cloacae was sensitive to all the antibiotics tested. Pseudomonas spp. resistant to amoxicillin and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole was noted. The SulII gene was found in all cloacal samples, while the SulI and bla TEM genes were present at 44.44% and 16.67%, respectively. Conclusion This study confirms that imported day-old chicks can be a potential source of dissemination of resistant bacteria in poultry production. A system for immediate detection of resistant bacteria in chicks upon arrival in the country is thus needed.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: airports / Amoxicillin / Animals / Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology / Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use / Antibiotic resistance / Antibiotics / Antimicrobial agents / Bacteria / Belgium / Benin / Chicks / Ciprofloxacin / cloaca / Coagulase / Control / Culture media / Diseases / disk diffusion antimicrobial test / DNA / Dosage and administration / Drug resistance / Drug resistance in microorganisms / E coli / Enterobacter cloacae / Enterococcus / Escherichia coli / Escherichia coli - genetics / Food contamination & poisoning / Genes / Genetic aspects / Gram-positive bacteria / Growth / heat treatment / Heat treatments / Homesteading / Identification and classification / Imported one-day-old chicks / Infections / Juveniles / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Microbial Sensitivity Tests - veterinary / Microbiota / Multidrug resistance / Multidrug resistant organisms / multiple drug resistance / Pathogenic bacteria / Pathogenic microorganisms / Pathogens / Penicillin / Poultry / poultry production / Prevention / Pseudomonas / quantitative polymerase chain reaction / Resistance gene / Salmonella / Sulfamethoxazole / Transgenics / Trimethoprim / Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science / Zoology