Journal Article

Residential proximity to croplands at birth and childhood leukaemia

Hémon, Denis, Bamouni, Sophie, Goujon, Stéphanie, Clavel, Jacqueline, Faure, Laure

2022

Overview

Background Domestic and parental occupational pesticide exposures are suspected of involvement in the occurrence of childhood acute leukaemia (AL), but the role of exposure to agricultural activities is little known. In a previous ecological study conducted in France, we observed an increase in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) incidence rate with increasing viticulture density in the municipalities of residence at diagnosis. Objectives This study aimed to test the hypothesis that residential proximity to croplands at birth increases the risk of childhood AL, with a particular focus on vineyards. Methods We identified all the primary AL cases diagnosed before the age of 15 years in the cohorts of children born in the French municipalities between 1990 and 2015. We estimated crop densities in each municipality of residence at birth using agricultural census data, for ten crop types. Variations in standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were evaluated with Poisson regression models, for all AL, ALL and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), separately. Results Among the 19,809,700 children born and residing in mainland France at birth in 1990–2015, 8,747 AL cases (7,236 ALL and 1,335 AML) were diagnosed over the period. We did not evidence any statistically significant positive association between total crop density or any specific crop density in the municipality of residence at birth and all AL, ALL or AML. Interestingly, we observed a higher ALL incidence rate in the municipalities with the highest viticulture densities (SIR = 1.25 95%CI [1.01–1.54]). Adjusting for the main potential confounders did not change the results. Conclusion Our study does not support the hypothesis that residential proximity to croplands, particularly vineyards, around birth plays a role in childhood leukaemia. The slightly higher ALL incidence rate in children born in the municipalities with the highest viticulture densities may reflect the previously-observed association at diagnosis.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia / Acute myeloid leukemia / Adolescent / Agricultural census / Agricultural crops / Agricultural land / Agriculture / Birth / Birth certificates / Births / Child / Childhood / Childhood leukaemia / Children / Crops / Crops, Agricultural / Density / Diagnosis / Earth and Environmental Science / Ecological studies / Environment / Environmental aspects / Environmental Epidemiology / Environmental Health / Health aspects / Humans / Hypotheses / Incidence / Infant, Newborn / Leukemia / Leukemia in children / Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - epidemiology / Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - etiology / Life Sciences / Municipalities / Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine / Pediatric research / Pesticides / Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - epidemiology / Pregnancy / Prenatal exposure / Proximity / Public Health / Regression analysis / Regression models / Risk factors / Santé publique et épidémiologie / Statistical analysis / Statistics / Vineyards / Viticulture