Journal Article

Enhancing knowledge of hypertension among general practitioners in Pakistan through a Train-The-Trainer initiative

Memon, Shoukat, Shah, Arshad Ali, Ashraf, Waheed, Sohail, Muhammad Amir, Karim, Musa, Azeem, Muhamamd Shahzad, Memon, Shahid Hussain, Hassan, Syed Gulzar Ul, Bhutto, Abdul Qadir, Fareed, Ghulam, Saleem, Muhammad, Shehzad, Naveed, Khawaja, Muhammad Farooq Saeed, Khubaib, Syed, Ashraf, Tariq, Khan, Muhammad Niaz, Gajju, Deedar Hussain, Malik, Khalid Razaq, Tariq, Naeem, Kazmi, Imran Ahmed, Yaqub, Maha Zainab Zia, Hassan, Ijaz Ul, Aslam, Shahzad, Imam, Hasan, Hussain, Naveed, Riaz, Rehan, Khan, Khalid Naseem, Sultana, Rafat, Mujtaba, Mustajab, Arif, Umair, Asi, Muhammad Akram, Bajwa, Hassan Irshad, Aamir, Kanwal Fatima, Mehmood, Haji Maqsood

2025

Overview

Hypertension (HTN) affects over a billion people worldwide, with most cases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where awareness and control remain low. In Pakistan, general practitioners (GPs) are usually the initial contact for hypertensive patients. Through the Train the Trainer (TTT) initiative, a group of consultant cardiologists were trained as master trainers to conduct training for GPs across Pakistan. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the TTT initiative regarding knowledge of GPs about the diagnosis and management of HTN. This study included 540 GPs from all over Pakistan. Participants attended HTN training workshops run by Master Trainers under the TTT model and completed a structured online questionnaire in relation to knowledge of HTN before and 1-3 months after training. Knowledge scores were derived from correct responses for 19 items. Pre-training GPs demonstrated low HTN knowledge scores with a median of 26.3 [IQR: 15.8-36.8] and 92% scoring less than 50. In contrast, post-training medians increased significantly to 42.1 [IQR: 31.6-63.2], with 38.5% of GPs achieving moderate or high knowledge scores ≥50 (p < 0.001). Overall, gains were observed across all demographic groups; significant improvement was observed among female and younger GPs. The TTT initiative effectively improved knowledge in both the diagnosis and management of hypertension among GPs, thus standing to potentially improve the current gaps in HTN care in many LMICs through similar models. Further studies are warranted to document the long-term clinical impact of this kind of training on patient outcomes and hypertension control.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adult / Analysis / Cardiology / Cardiovascular disease / Care and treatment / Chronic illnesses / Clinical Competence / Comorbidity / Consent / Cost control / Data collection / Diabetes / Diagnosis / Disease prevention / Earth Sciences / Education, Medical, Continuing / Evaluation / Family physicians / Female / General Practitioners - education / Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Health literacy / Health surveys / Humans / Hypertension / Hypertension - diagnosis / Hypertension - therapy / Kidney diseases / Knowledge / Male / Medical education / Medicine and Health Sciences / Middle Aged / Multiple choice / Pakistan / People and Places / Physicians (General practice) / Population / Questionnaires / Research and Analysis Methods / Social Sciences / Study and teaching / Surveillance / Surveys and Questionnaires / Trainers / Training