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Progress and prospects: immune responses to viral vectors
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Journal Article
Progress and prospects: immune responses to viral vectors
2010
Overview
Viral vectors are potent gene delivery platforms used for the treatment of genetic and acquired diseases. However, just as viruses have evolved to infect cells efficiently, the immune system has evolved to fight off what it perceives as invading pathogens. Therefore, innate immunity and antigen-specific adaptive immune responses against vector-derived antigens reduce the efficacy and stability of
in vivo
gene transfer. In addition, a number of vectors are derived from parent viruses that humans encounter through natural infection, resulting in preexisting antibodies and possibly in memory responses against vector antigens. Similarly, antibody and T-cell responses may be directed against therapeutic gene products that often differ from the endogenous nonfunctional or absent protein that is being replaced. As details and mechanisms of such immune reactions are uncovered, novel strategies are being developed, and vectors are being specifically engineered to avoid, suppress or manipulate the response, ideally resulting in sustained expression and immune tolerance to the transgene product. This review provides a summary of our current knowledge of the interactions between the immune system adeno-associated virus, adenoviral and lentiviral vectors, and their transgene products.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy
/ Animals
/ Antibodies, Viral - immunology
/ Antigens
/ Antigens, Viral - immunology
/ Applied cell therapy and gene therapy
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Complement System Proteins - immunology
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ Genetic Vectors - immunology
/ Health. Pharmaceutical industry
/ Humans
/ Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects
/ Mice
/ review
/ Toll-Like Receptor 9 - immunology
/ Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy
/ Viruses
