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Candidalysin is a fungal peptide toxin critical for mucosal infection
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Journal Article
Candidalysin is a fungal peptide toxin critical for mucosal infection
2016
Overview
Cytolytic proteins and peptide toxins are classical virulence factors of several bacterial pathogens which disrupt epithelial barrier function, damage cells and activate or modulate host immune responses. Such toxins have not been identified previously in human pathogenic fungi. Here we identify the first, to our knowledge, fungal cytolytic peptide toxin in the opportunistic pathogen
Candida albicans
. This secreted toxin directly damages epithelial membranes, triggers a danger response signalling pathway and activates epithelial immunity. Membrane permeabilization is enhanced by a positive charge at the carboxy terminus of the peptide, which triggers an inward current concomitant with calcium influx.
C. albicans
strains lacking this toxin do not activate or damage epithelial cells and are avirulent in animal models of mucosal infection. We propose the name ‘Candidalysin’ for this cytolytic peptide toxin; a newly identified, critical molecular determinant of epithelial damage and host recognition of the clinically important fungus,
C. albicans
.
This study identifies a cytolytic peptide toxin in the opportunistic human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
—the peptide is both a crucial virulence factor that permeabilizes the host cell plasma membrane and a key signal that triggers a host danger response pathway.
A toxin identified in a human fungal pathogen
This study identifies and characterizes a cytolytic peptide toxin in the opportunistic human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
. The peptide, termed Candidalysin, acts both as a crucial virulence factor that permeabilizes the host cell plasma membrane and as a key signal that triggers a host danger-response pathway.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Candida albicans - immunology
/ Candida albicans - metabolism
/ Candida albicans - pathogenicity
/ Cell Membrane Permeability - drug effects
/ Epithelial Cells - drug effects
/ Epithelial Cells - immunology
/ Epithelial Cells - pathology
/ Fungal Proteins - metabolism
/ Fungi
/ Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Mucous Membrane - microbiology
/ Peptides
/ Proteins
/ Science
/ Signal Transduction - drug effects
/ Toxins
/ Virulence Factors - genetics
/ Virulence Factors - metabolism
/ Virulence Factors - toxicity
/ Yeast
