Journal Article

Phytochemical and Antiproliferative Activity of Proso Millet

Niu, Wei, Zhang, Lizhen, Liu, Ruihai

2014

Overview

The phytochemical content, antioxidant activity and antiproliferative properties of three diverse varieties of proso millet are reported. The free phenolic content ranged from 27.48 (Gumi 20) to 151.14 (Mi2504-6) mg gallic acid equiv/100 g DW. The bound phenolic content ranged from 55.95 (Gumi20) to 305.81 (Mi2504-6) mg gallic acid equiv/100 g DW. The percentage contribution of bound phenolic to the total phenolic content of genotype samples analyzed ranged between 62.08% and 67.05%. Ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid are the predominant phenolic acid found in bound fraction. Caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid were also detected. Syringic acid was detected only in the free fraction. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the hydrophilic peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) assay. The PSC antioxidant activity of the free fraction ranged from 57.68 (Mi2504-6) to 147.32 (Gumi20) µmol of vitamin C equiv/100 g DW. The PSC antioxidant activity of the bound fraction ranged from 95.38 (Mizao 52) to 136.48 (Gumi 20) µmol of vitamin C equiv/100 g DW. The cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of the extract was assessed using the HepG2 model. CAA value ranged from 2.51 to 6.10 µmol equiv quercetin/100 g DW. Antiproliferative activities were also studied in vitro against MDA human breast cancer and HepG2 human liver cancer cells. Results exhibited a differential and possible selective antiproliferative property of the proso millet. These results may be used to direct the consumption of proso millet with improved health properties.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Acids / Analysis / Animals / Antioxidants / Antioxidants (Nutrients) / Antiproliferatives / Ascorbic acid / Biology and Life Sciences / Breast cancer / Caffeic acid / Cancer / Carotenoids / Caustic soda / Cell cycle / Cell Proliferation - drug effects / Chlorogenic acid / Chlorogenic Acid - chemistry / Chlorogenic Acid - pharmacology / Chronic illnesses / Corn / Coumaric acid / Coumaric Acids - chemistry / Coumaric Acids - pharmacology / Ferulic acid / Food / Free Radical Scavengers - chemistry / Free Radical Scavengers - pharmacology / Fruits / Gallic acid / Gallic Acid - chemistry / Gallic Acid - pharmacology / Genotype / Genotypes / Germplasm / Grain / Gramineae / Hep G2 Cells / Hepatocytes / Humans / Hydrochloric acid / Liver / Liver cancer / Millet / p-Coumaric acid / Panicum - chemistry / Panicum - genetics / Panicum miliaceum / Peroxyl radicals / Phenolic acids / Phenols / Phytochemicals / Plant Extracts - chemistry / Plant Extracts - pharmacology / Quercetin / Seeds / Seeds - chemistry / Seeds - genetics / Sodium / Species Specificity / Vitamin C