Journal Article

The Transcriptional Targets of Mutant FOXL2 in Granulosa Cell Tumours

Print, Cristin G., Rosario, Roseanne, Araki, Hiromitsu, Shelling, Andrew N.

2012

Overview

Despite their distinct biology, granulosa cell tumours (GCTs) are treated the same as other ovarian tumours. Intriguingly, a recurring somatic mutation in the transcription factor Forkhead Box L2 (FOXL2) 402C>G has been found in nearly all GCTs examined. This investigation aims to identify the pathogenicity of mutant FOXL2 by studying its altered transcriptional targets. The expression of mutant FOXL2 was reduced in the GCT cell line KGN, and wildtype and mutant FOXL2 were overexpressed in the GCT cell line COV434. Total RNA was hybridised to Affymetrix U133 Plus 2 microarrays. Comparisons were made between the transcriptomes of control cells and cells altered by FOXL2 knockdown and overexpression, to detect potential transcriptional targets of mutant FOXL2. The overexpression of wildtype and mutant FOXL2 in COV434, and the silencing of mutant FOXL2 expression in KGN, has shown that mutant FOXL2 is able to differentially regulate the expression of many genes, including two well known FOXL2 targets, StAR and CYP19A. We have shown that many of the genes regulated by mutant FOXL2 are clustered into functional annotations of cell death, proliferation, and tumourigenesis. Furthermore, TGF-β signalling was found to be enriched when using the gene annotation tools GATHER and GeneSetDB. This enrichment was still significant after performing a robust permutation analysis. Given that many of the transcriptional targets of mutant FOXL2 are known TGF-β signalling genes, we suggest that deregulation of this key antiproliferative pathway is one way mutant FOXL2 contributes to the pathogenesis of adult-type GCTs. We believe this pathway should be a target for future therapeutic interventions, if outcomes for women with GCTs are to improve.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Analysis / Annotations / Aromatase - genetics / Aromatase - metabolism / Biology / Care and treatment / Cell cycle / Cell death / Cell Line, Tumor / Deregulation / DNA microarrays / Endocrinology / Female / Forkhead Box Protein L2 / Forkhead protein / Forkhead Transcription Factors - agonists / Forkhead Transcription Factors - antagonists & inhibitors / Forkhead Transcription Factors - genetics / Gene expression / Gene Expression Profiling / Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Gene Knockdown Techniques / Genes / Granulosa cell tumor / Granulosa Cell Tumor - genetics / Granulosa Cell Tumor - metabolism / Granulosa Cell Tumor - pathology / Gynecology / Humans / Kinases / Medicine / Metastasis / Mutants / Mutation / Neoplasm Proteins - genetics / Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism / Obstetrics / Ovarian cancer / Ovarian Neoplasms - genetics / Ovarian Neoplasms - metabolism / Ovarian Neoplasms - pathology / Pathogenesis / Pathogenicity / Pathogens / Pathology / Patient outcomes / Permutations / Phosphoproteins - genetics / Phosphoproteins - metabolism / Ribonucleic acid / RNA / RNA, Small Interfering - genetics / Signal transduction / Signal Transduction - genetics / Signaling / Target detection / Therapeutic applications / Transcription (Genetics) / Transcription factors / Transcription, Genetic / Transcriptome - genetics / Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics / Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism / Tumorigenesis / Tumors / Women