Journal Article

Association of preeclampsia with anthropometric measures and blood pressure in Indian children

Kumaran, Kalyanaraman, Lalwani, Sanjay, Kadam, Vrushali, Randhir, Karuna, Pisal, Hemlata, Deshpande, Ruma, Palkar, Sonali, Yajnik, Chittaranjan, Joshi, Sadhana, Fall, Caroline, Khaire-Ghadge, Amrita, Osmond, Clive, Malshe, Nandini

2020

Overview

Birth weight and post-natal growth are important predictors of adult health. Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with low birth weight and may have long term effects on the health of the children. The current study aims to compare anthropometry and blood pressure between children of mothers with and without PE in an Indian cohort. We studied children born to women with (PE; n = 211) and without preeclampsia (non-PE; n = 470) at Bharati Hospital, Pune, India. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured in children at 3-7 years of age. Weight and height Z-scores were calculated using the WHO 2006 growth reference. Independent t-tests were used to compare means between the two groups, and associations between preeclampsia and child outcomes were analyzed using multiple linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Weight and height Z-scores (p = 0.04 and 0.008), and subscapular skinfold thickness (p = 0.03) were higher among children of PE compared with children of non-PE mothers. Systolic blood pressure was also higher in children of PE mothers (1.70 mmHg [95% CI 0.05, 2.90] p = 0.006). BMI and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between groups. In regression models adjusted for newborn weight and gestational age, current age and sex, and maternal height, BMI and socio-economic status, children of PE mothers had higher weight Z-score (0.27 SD [95%CI 0.06, 0.48] p = 0.01), height Z-score (0.28 SD [95%CI 0.09, 0.47] p = 0.005), and subscapular skinfold thickness (0.38 mm [95%CI 0.00, 0.76] p = 0.049). A trend for higher systolic blood pressure (1.59 mmHg [95%CI -0.02, 3.20] p = 0.053) in the children was also observed in the adjusted model. The difference in systolic blood pressure was attenuated after adjusting further for the child's weight and height (1.09 mmHg [95%CI -0.48, 2.67] p = 0.17). There was no evidence of differences in effects between boys and girls. Children of PE mothers were taller and heavier, and had higher systolic blood pressure, partly explained by their increased body size, than children of non-PE mothers. In utero exposure to preeclampsia may increase the risk of future cardiovascular disease.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adults / Age / Analysis / Anthropometry / Biology and Life Sciences / Birth Weight / Births / Blood Pressure / Blood Pressure Determination / Body Height / Body Mass Index / Body measurements / Body size / Body weight / Cardiovascular disease / Cardiovascular diseases / Child / Child health / Child, Preschool / Children / Children & youth / Childrens health / Cohort Studies / Diabetes / Diseases / Epidemiology / Families & family life / Female / Gestational age / Health risks / Humans / Hypertension / India / Intrauterine exposure / Long term effects / Low birth weight / Male / Maternal Age / Medicine and Health Sciences / Mothers / Newborn babies / Newborn infants / Obstetrics / Pediatrics / People and Places / Pre-eclampsia / Pre-Eclampsia - physiopathology / Preeclampsia / Pregnancy / Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - physiopathology / Questionnaires / Regression analysis / Regression models / Risk Assessment / Skinfold thickness / Social class / Socioeconomic factors / Socioeconomics / Studies / Thickness / Women / Womens health