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TMK-based cell-surface auxin signalling activates cell-wall acidification
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Journal Article
TMK-based cell-surface auxin signalling activates cell-wall acidification
2021
Overview
The phytohormone auxin controls many processes in plants, at least in part through its regulation of cell expansion
1
. The acid growth hypothesis has been proposed to explain auxin-stimulated cell expansion for five decades, but the mechanism that underlies auxin-induced cell-wall acidification is poorly characterized. Auxin induces the phosphorylation and activation of the plasma membrane H
+
-ATPase that pumps protons into the apoplast
2
, yet how auxin activates its phosphorylation remains unclear. Here we show that the transmembrane kinase (TMK) auxin-signalling proteins interact with plasma membrane H
+
-ATPases, inducing their phosphorylation, and thereby promoting cell-wall acidification and hypocotyl cell elongation in
Arabidopsis
. Auxin induced interactions between TMKs and H
+
-ATPases in the plasma membrane within seconds, as well as TMK-dependent phosphorylation of the penultimate threonine residue on the H+-ATPases. Our genetic, biochemical and molecular evidence demonstrates that TMKs directly phosphorylate plasma membrane H
+
-ATPase and are required for auxin-induced H
+
-ATPase activation, apoplastic acidification and cell expansion. Thus, our findings reveal a crucial connection between auxin and plasma membrane H
+
-ATPase activation in regulating apoplastic pH changes and cell expansion through TMK-based cell surface auxin signalling.
Auxin induces transmembrane-kinase-dependent activation of H
+
-ATPase in the plasma membrane through phosphorylation of its penultimate threonine residue, promoting apoplastic acidification and hypocotyl cell elongation in
Arabidopsis
.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 82/58
/ 82/62
/ Acids
/ Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
/ Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
/ Auxin
/ Auxins
/ Cellular signal transduction
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Hydrogen
/ Hypocotyl - growth & development
/ Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism
/ Kinases
/ Membrane Proteins - genetics
/ Membrane Proteins - metabolism
/ Peptides
/ Plant Growth Regulators - metabolism
/ Plasma
/ Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases - deficiency
/ Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics
/ Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
/ Proteins
/ Proton-Translocating ATPases - chemistry
/ Proton-Translocating ATPases - metabolism
/ Protons
/ Science
