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Effect of Chloramine Disinfection of Community Water System on Legionnaires’ Disease Outbreak, Minnesota, USA, 2024
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Effect of Chloramine Disinfection of Community Water System on Legionnaires’ Disease Outbreak, Minnesota, USA, 2024
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Journal Article
Effect of Chloramine Disinfection of Community Water System on Legionnaires’ Disease Outbreak, Minnesota, USA, 2024
2026
Overview
The Minnesota Department of Health identified an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in a city in northern Minnesota, USA, in April 2023 that continued until chloramine disinfection of the community water system was implemented. Before chloramine disinfection was implemented, Legionella pneumophila was detected in 1 of 16 samples from the drinking water distribution system and in 5 of 10 premise plumbing samples using both cultivation-dependent (Legiolert) and cultivation-independent (digital PCR) assays in this independent investigation. Approximately 11 weeks after disinfection was implemented, all distribution system samples tested negative; however, 1 of 6 Legiolert-tested and 3 of 6 digital PCR-tested premise plumbing samples were positive. After 24 weeks of disinfection, all samples collected from the distribution system and premise plumbing tested negative. Our results show that a community water system supplied by groundwater supported substantial growth of L. pneumophila in premise plumbing and that chloramine disinfection halted the outbreak.
Publisher
U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Subject
/ Carbon
/ Chlorine
/ Cold
/ Control
/ Disinfectants - pharmacology
/ Disinfection & disinfectants
/ Disinfection and disinfectants
/ Drinking Water - microbiology
/ Genes
/ Humans
/ Israel
/ Legionella pneumophila - drug effects
/ Legionella pneumophila - genetics
/ Legionella pneumophila - isolation & purification
/ Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology
/ Legionnaires' Disease - microbiology
/ Legionnaires' Disease - prevention & control
/ Methods
/ Plumbing
/ Water
