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Herpesviruses: overview of systematics, genomic complexity and life cycle
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Herpesviruses: overview of systematics, genomic complexity and life cycle
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Journal Article
Herpesviruses: overview of systematics, genomic complexity and life cycle
2025
Overview
Herpesviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses with distinct morphological features and are among the largest and most complex viruses. According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), in 2022, there were 133 herpesviruses classified into three families:
Orthoherpesviridae
, infecting mammals and birds;
Malacoherpesviridae
infecting marine molluscs; and
Alloherpesviridae
infecting fish and amphibians. Herpesviruses have a complex genomic architecture, characterised by unique regions flanked by repeated and inverted sequences. Unique regions can undergo rearrangements leading to the formation of genomic isomers, which could have important implications for the life cycle of the virus. Herpesviruses life cycle consists of two main phases: the lytic phase, during which viral genes are expressed and translated into viral proteins that regulate DNA replication, capsid formation and the production of new particles; and the persistence phase, in which the virus persists in the host without being eliminated by the immune system. This review offers an updated and comprehensive overview of the
Herpesvirales
order, detailing their morphological characteristics, providing an in-depth taxonomic classification, examining their genomic architecture and isomers, and describing their life cycle.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Animals
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Birds
/ capsid
/ DNA
/ fish
/ Fishes
/ Genomes
/ Genomics
/ Herpesviridae - classification
/ Herpesviridae - growth & development
/ Herpesviridae Infections - veterinary
/ Herpesviridae Infections - virology
/ Humans
/ Identification and classification
/ Isomers
/ Proteins
/ Review
/ Taxonomy
/ Virology
/ viruses
