Journal Article

Biocontrol potential of endophytic Trichoderma harzianum AUMC 14897 against Fusarium seedling blight disease in oat

Zawawy, Nessma A. El, Attia, Nadia, Mahmoud, Yehia A.- G., El-Esawi, Mohamed A.

2025

Overview

Background Oat ( Avena sativa L.) represents one of the important cereal crops grown in different areas around the world due to its use in human nutrition, food industry, biomaterials, and pharmaceutical industries. Fusarium seedling blight disease (FSBD) represents one of the most dangerous diseases affecting oat cultivation. Endophytic fungi proved to be useful in plant disease management. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of applied endophytic Trichoderma harzianum AUMC 14897 culture filtrate (CF) on disease severity, plant performance, defense systems, antioxidant activity, and stress-related genes expression in oat plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum . Results The dual culture assay results revealed that T. harzianum is antagonistic against F. oxysporum and could inhibit the growth by 86.6% seven days post inoculation. Scanning electron microscope results showed that the antagonism mechanisms include nutrition, space competition, and mycoparasitism. GC–MS analysis demonstrated the presence of several volatile organic compounds in T. harzianum CF and each component might contribute to its biological activity. In a greenhouse experiment, spraying and irrigation with T. harzianum CF revealed less severe symptoms and slower disease development in the infected oat plants compared to untreated plants. Moreover, T. harzianum CF treatment significantly enhanced the levels of total reducing power, phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophyll, carotenoids, antioxidant enzymes, and stress-related genes expression in F. oxysporum -infected oat plants. Conclusions Our results demonstrated T. harzianum CF has an effective role in controlling FSBD in oat plants as a novel biocontrol agent.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Agriculture / antagonism / antioxidant activity / Antioxidants / Antioxidants - metabolism / Ascomycota / Avena - genetics / Avena - metabolism / Avena - microbiology / Avena sativa / biocompatible materials / Biological activity / Biological control / biological control agents / Biomaterials / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedical materials / Blight / Carotenoids / Cereal crops / chlorophyll / Control / Cultivation / Culture / culture filtrates / disease control / disease severity / Diseases and pests / Electron microscopes / Endophytes / Endophytes - physiology / Environmental aspects / Filtrate / Flavonoids / Food industry / Fungal diseases of plants / Fungi / Fungicides / Fungiculture / Fusarium / Fusarium - physiology / Fusarium oxysporum / Genes / Genetic aspects / Grain cultivation / greenhouse experimentation / Health care / Human nutrition / Hypocreales - physiology / Inoculation / irrigation / Life Sciences / mycoparasites / Mycoparasitism / Oats / Organic compounds / Pathogens / Pesticides / Pests / Pharmaceutical industry / phenolic compounds / Plant diseases / Plant Diseases - microbiology / Plant Diseases - prevention & control / Plant Sciences / Production processes / Scanning electron microscopy / Seedling blight / Seedlings / Seedlings - microbiology / Seeds / Spraying / Tree Biology / Trichoderma biocontrol agent / Trichoderma harzianum / VOCs / Volatile organic compounds