Journal Article

Efficacy of Single-Dose and Triple-Dose Albendazole and Mebendazole against Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Taenia spp.: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Steinmann, Peter, Zhou, Xiao-Nong, Jiang, Jin-Yong, Chen, Jia-Xu, Utzinger, Jürg, Hattendorf, Jan, Du, Zun-Wei, Zhou, Hui

2011

Overview

The control of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections currently relies on the large-scale administration of single-dose oral albendazole or mebendazole. However, these treatment regimens have limited efficacy against hookworm and Trichuris trichiura in terms of cure rates (CR), whereas fecal egg reduction rates (ERR) are generally high for all common STH species. We compared the efficacy of single-dose versus triple-dose treatment against hookworm and other STHs in a community-based randomized controlled trial in the People's Republic of China. The hookworm CR and fecal ERR were assessed in 314 individuals aged ≥5 years who submitted two stool samples before and 3-4 weeks after administration of single-dose oral albendazole (400 mg) or mebendazole (500 mg) or triple-dose albendazole (3×400 mg over 3 consecutive days) or mebendazole (3×500 mg over 3 consecutive days). Efficacy against T. trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Taenia spp. was also assessed. ALBENDAZOLE CURED SIGNIFICANTLY MORE HOOKWORM INFECTIONS THAN MEBENDAZOLE IN BOTH TREATMENT REGIMENS (SINGLE DOSE: respective CRs 69% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 55-81%) and 29% (95% CI: 20-45%); triple dose: respective CRs 92% (95% CI: 81-98%) and 54% (95% CI: 46-71%)). ERRs followed the same pattern (single dose: 97% versus 84%; triple dose: 99.7% versus 96%). Triple-dose regimens outperformed single doses against T. trichiura; three doses of mebendazole - the most efficacious treatment tested - cured 71% (95% CI: 57-82%). Both single and triple doses of either drug were highly efficacious against A. lumbricoides (CR: 93-97%; ERR: all >99.9%). Triple dose regimens cured all Taenia spp. infections, whereas single dose applications cured only half of them. Single-dose oral albendazole is more efficacious against hookworm than mebendazole. To achieve high CRs against both hookworm and T. trichiura, triple-dose regimens are warranted. www.controlled-trials.com ISRCTN47375023.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adolescent / Adult / Albendazole / Albendazole - therapeutic use / Animals / Anthelmintics - therapeutic use / Child / Child, Preschool / China / Clinical trials / Comparative analysis / Confidence intervals / Cytochrome / Disease control / Disease prevention / Disease transmission / Dosage and administration / Drug Administration Schedule / Drug dosages / Drug therapy / Effectiveness / Epidemiology / Female / Health aspects / Helminthiasis - drug therapy / Helminths - drug effects / Helminths - pathogenicity / Humans / Infection / Infections / Male / Mebendazole / Mebendazole - therapeutic use / Medicine / Morbidity / Parasitic diseases / Parasitology / Public health / Randomization / Soil - parasitology / Taenia / Taenia - drug effects / Taenia - pathogenicity / Trends / Trichuris trichiura / Tropical diseases / Womens health / Young Adult