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Flowering in Persian walnut: patterns of gene expression during flower development
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Journal Article
Flowering in Persian walnut: patterns of gene expression during flower development
2020
Overview
Background
Flower development and sufficient fruit set are important parameters with respect to walnut yield. Knowledge about flowering genes of fruit trees can help to conduct better molecular breeding programs. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the expression pattern of some flowering genes (
FT
,
SOC1
,
CAL
,
LFY
and
TFL1
) in Persian walnut (cv. Chandler) during the growing season and winter dormancy.
Results
The results showed that walnut flower induction and initiation in Shahmirzad, Iran occurred in early June and late September, respectively. After meeting chilling and heat requirement, flower differentiation and anthesis occurred in late-March and mid-April to early-May, respectively. Study of flowering gene expression showed that the expression of the
FT
gene increased in three stages including before breaking of bud dormancy, from late March to late April (coincided with flower differentiation and anthesis) and from late May to mid-June (coincided with flower induction). Like
FT
, the expression of
SOC1
gene increased during flower induction and initiation (mid-May to early-August) as well as flower anthesis (mid-April to early-May).
LFY
and
CAL
genes as floral meristem identity genes are activated by
FT
and
SOC1
genes. In contrast with flowering stimulus genes,
TFL1
showed overexpression during winter dormancy which prevented flowering.
Conclusion
The expression of
FT
gene activated downstream floral meristem identity genes including
SOC1
,
CAL
and
LFY
which consequently led to release bud dormancy as well as flower anthesis and induction. Also,
TFL1
as a flowering inhibitor gene in walnut showed overexpression during the bud dormancy. Chilling accumulation reduced
TFL1
gene expression and increased the expression of flowering genes which ultimately led to overcome dormancy.
