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Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Acute Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Respiratory Function in Urban Cyclists
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Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Acute Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Respiratory Function in Urban Cyclists
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Journal Article
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Acute Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Respiratory Function in Urban Cyclists
2011
Overview
Background: Few studies have examined the acute health effects of air pollution exposures experienced while cycling in traffic. Objectives: We conducted a crossover study to examine the relationship between traffic pollution and acute changes in heart rate variability. We also collected spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide measures. Methods: Forty-two healthy adults cycled for 1 hr on high-and low-traffic routes as well as indoors. Health measures were collected before cycling and 1-4 hr after the start of cycling. Ultrafine particles (UFPs; ≤ 0.1 μm in aerodynamic diameter), paniculate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), black carbon, and volatile organic compounds were measured along each cycling route, and ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃) levels were recorded from a fixed-site monitor. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate associations between air pollutants and changes in health outcome measures relative to precycling baseline values. Results: An interquartile range increase in UFP levels (18,200/cm³) was associated with a significant decrease in high-frequency power 4 hr after the start of cycling [β = -224 msec²; 95% confidence interval (CI), -386 to -63 msec²]. Ambient NO₂ levels were inversely associated with the standard deviation of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (β = -10 msec; 95% CI, -20 to -0.34 msec) and positively associated with the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power (β = 1.4; 95% CI, 0.35 to 2.5) 2 hr after the start of cycling. We also observed significant inverse associations between ambient O₃ levels and the root mean square of successive differences in adjacent NN intervals 3 hr after the start of cycling. Conclusions: Short-term exposures to traffic pollution may contribute to altered autonomie modulation of the heart in the hours immediately after cycling.
Publisher
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,US Department of Health and Human Services
Subject
/ Air
/ Air Pollution - adverse effects
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Cycles
/ Cyclists
/ Environment. Living conditions
/ Environmental pollutants toxicology
/ Female
/ Forced Expiratory Volume - drug effects
/ Health
/ Heart
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate - drug effects
/ Modeling
/ Particulate Matter - toxicity
/ Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
/ Traffic
/ Vehicle Emissions - toxicity
/ Vital Capacity - drug effects
/ VOCs
