Journal Article

Differential Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Alcoholic Versus Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study

Lin, Hui-Cheng, Hsieh, Wen-Che, Chang, Ling-Hui, Hsu, Chao-Yu

2025

Overview

: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a clinically relevant comorbidity in both alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether its impact differs between these etiologies remains unclear. This study directly compared OSA risk in patients with AFLD and NAFLD to elucidate its role in disease progression. : We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX research network. Adults aged ≥ 20 years with newly diagnosed AFLD or NAFLD between 2006 and 2020 were included. Propensity score matching was applied to balance demographic and clinical covariates. The primary endpoint was incident OSA, assessed at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year intervals, and cumulatively through 28 September 2025. Effect estimates were expressed as relative risk, odds ratio and hazard ratio (HR). : Before matching, 896,302 NAFLD and 12,694 AFLD patients were identified; after 1:1 PSM, 11,583 patients remained in each group with balanced baseline characteristics. NAFLD patients consistently demonstrated higher OSA risk. Post-matching, OSA incidence became significantly elevated from year 2 onward (HR at 2 years = 1.764) and persisted at 3 years (HR = 2.078), 5 years (HR = 1.950), and cumulative follow-up (HR = 1.940). : NAFLD confers nearly double the long-term OSA risk compared with AFLD. These findings support longitudinal OSA screening and targeted risk reduction strategies in NAFLD populations.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
• Subject: Adult / Aged / Alcohol use / alcoholic fatty liver disease / Cohort analysis / Cohort Studies / Comorbidity / Demographics / Development and progression / Diseases / Electronic health records / Estimates / Fatty liver / Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - complications / Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - epidemiology / Female / Humans / Incidence / Kidney diseases / Liver cirrhosis / Liver diseases / Male / Medical research / Medicine, Experimental / Meta-analysis / Metabolism / Middle Aged / Mortality / non-alcoholic fatty liver disease / Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - complications / Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - epidemiology / Obesity / Overweight / Patients / Propensity Score / Public health / Retrospective Studies / Risk Factors / Sleep apnea / Sleep apnea syndromes / Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - epidemiology / Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - etiology / Taiwan / Trends / TriNetX